Biomolecules and Bio-organic Chemistry

Paper Code: 
CHY 425 B
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

To learn the basics of biological process that are required to explain concept of pharmacy.

 

14.00
Unit I: 
Enzymes

Remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation, nomenclature and classification. Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis.Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, Bisubstrate reactions. Enzyme inhibition. Factors affecting enzyme catalysis.Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease, Lysozyme, &Carboxipeptidase A.

Affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis.

 

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Carbohydrate Metabolism

Structure & classification of carbohydrates. Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system), gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis, C4 pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis: C3, C4 & CAM pathway.

 

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Protein Metabolism and Disorders

Classification of amino acids. Degradation of amino acids (C3, C4, C5 family), urea cycle, uric acid and ammonia formation. Proteins (Structure and Functions): primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.Extraction and purification techniques.

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Lipids

Classification and nomenclature of Fatty acids,Classification, Structure and functions of lipids. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid, biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins, biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane).Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channeling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation: alpha and omega oxidation.

 

10.00
Unit V: 
Nucleic Acids

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-   RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and   translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features).

 

Essential Readings: 
  1. Bioorganic Chemistry: A Chemical Approach to Enzyme Action, Herman Dugas, New     York: Springer, 2003.
  2. Principles of Biochemistry; Third Edition; A.L. Lehninger; McMillan Press, London, 2002.
  3. Biochemistry; Fifth Edition; L. Stryer; W.H. Freeman and Company, 2007.
  4. Biochemistry; J. David Rawn, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2004.
  5. Biochemistry; Second Edition; D. Voet; John Wiley and Sons, 2011.
  6.         Outline of Biochemistry; Fourth Edition; E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf; Wiley Eastern Ltd.,           New Delhi, 2007.
  7. Chemistry and the Living Organism; Fourth Edition; Bloomfield; John Wiley and Sons,    1987.
Academic Year: