BIOLOGY FOR CHEMISTS II

Paper Code: 
CHY 414 B
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objective(s):

This course will enable the students to –

  • describe the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and amino acids. Write chemical reactions for the individual steps in each pathway.
  • explain enzymes function by lowering the activation energy for biochemical reactions
  • discuss the chemical reactions involved in biochemical pathways that produce ATP, such as citric acid cycle and electron transport

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcomes

Teaching learning strategies

Assessment

Strategies

On completion of this course, the students will be able to-

CO116: understand the roles of ATP and reduced cofactors in shuttling energy and electrons around within cells.

CO117: discuss role of enzymatic activity in the regulation of protein synthesis and describe the functions of enzymes.

CO118: explain the properties of enzyme-catalysed reactions and discuss Michaelis-Menten kinetics

CO119: compare and differentiate saturated, mono-unsaturated, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids.

CO120: explain the metabolic importance of pentose phosphate pathway and Know the importance of the citrate cycle and related diseases

CO121: discuss the chemical reactions involved in biochemical pathways that produce ATP, such as citric acid cycle and electron transport.
  • Class lectures
  • Tutorials
  • Group discussions
  • Use of models
  • Assertion and reasoning
  • Technology enabled learning
  • Peer learning

 

 

 

• Oral and written examinations
Problem solving exercises

  • Assignments
  • Quiz
  • Efficient delivery using seminar presentations
  • Group activity
  • Multiple choice questions
  • Short answer type questions
  • Assertion and reasoning

 

 

9.00
Unit I: 
Bioenergetics

Principles of thermodynamics and their applications in biochemistry- introduction, thermodynamic state functions, first and second laws of thermodynamic system thermodynamics, concept of free energy, standard free energy, endergonic and exergonic reactions, ATP and other energy rich phosphates, biological redox reactions (only introduction), structure of mitochondria and its electron transport chain, inhibitors of electron transport, coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis, inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, p/o ratio and its significance.

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Enzymes

Importance of enzymes, nomenclature, classification with examples, properties and mechanism of enzyme action, concept of holo, apoenzyme and cofactors-small organic molecules, metal ions, nature of non-enzymatic and enzymatic catalysis, isoenzymes and multimeric enzyme complexes, enzyme assay and units of activity, specificity of enzymes, general acid base catalysis, covalent catalysis, mechanism of catalysis of carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, concept of turnover, allosteric enzymes, structure and nature of active site, factors affective enzyme activity-enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, PH , temperature, enzyme kinetics (Km and vmax ), enzyme inhibition-competition, noncompetitive and uncompetitive exhibition.

 

9.00
Unit III: 
Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, sequence of reactions in glycolysis, regulation in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis (sequence of reactions and regulation), pentose-phosphate pathway (sequence of reactions and regulation), extraction of energy from food sources.

 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Lipid Metabolism

Structures and roles of fatty acids and glycerols, beta oxidation of saturated fatty acids, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, oxidation of odd chain fatty acids, energy yield, Formation of ketone bodies (brief treatment).

9.00
Unit V: 
Amino Acids & Nucleotide Metabolism

Amino Acids Metabolism- Amino acid breakdown (amino acid deamination, urea cycle, metabolic breakdown of individual amino acids – glucogenic & ketogenic amino acids), amino acids as biosynthetic precursors (haem biosynthesis & degradation, biosynthesis of epinephrine, dopamine, seretonin, gaba, histamine, glutathione)
Nucleotide Metabolism- Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine (de novo & salvage pathway, degradation of purine and pyrimidine

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Seventh Edition; David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox; W H Freeman, New York, 2017.
  • Biochemistry, Fourth Edition; Voet and Voet; John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 2010.

 

References: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Biochemistry, Ninth Edition; Jeremy M. Berg , Lubert Stryer , John Tymoczko , Gregory Gatto ;WH Freeman, New York ,2019.
  • Biochemistry, First Indian Reprint; J. David Rawn, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2004.
  • Outline of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition; E.E. Conn, P.K. Stumpf; Wiley India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.
  • Principles of protein structure, G Schulz, R H Schrimer, Springer Verlag 1979

e-RESOURCES:

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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