BIOMOLECULES AND BIO-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Paper Code: 
CHY 425 B
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objective(s) :
This course will enable the students to –
endow with the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of biomolecules, and their importance with regard to maintenance and perpetuation of living systems.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcomes

 

Teaching Learning strategies

Assessment Strategies

After the completion of this course, students will be able to-

CO144:discuss the properties and functions of enzymes and outline mechanisms of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

CO145:describe major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

CO146:recognize the structures of amino acids and elucidate common pathways of amino acid catabolism and summarize the functions of proteins and identify the influence of the three-dimensional shape and subunits of a protein on its function.

CO147:analyse the role of fat in energy production, membrane synthesis, and production of bioactive molecules and describe the structure, biosynthesis, oxidation and storage of fatty acids.

CO148:learn the structure and functions of  RNA and DNA and interpret the structure-function relationships of the proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.   
  • Interactive lectures
  • Tutorials
  • Group discussions
  • Use of models
  • Digital learning
  • Problem solving sessions
  • Assertion and Reasoning

 
  • Oral and written examinations
  • Assignments
  • Quiz

 

 
 

14.00
Unit I: 
Enzymes

Remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation, nomenclature and classification. Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis. Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, Bisubstrate reactions. Enzyme inhibition. Factors affecting enzyme catalysis. Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease, Lysozyme, & Carboxipeptidase A.
Affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis.

12.00
Unit II: 
Carbohydrate Metabolism

Structure & classification of carbohydrates. Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system), gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis, C4 pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis: C3, C4 & CAM pathway.

12.00
Unit III: 
Protein Metabolism and Disorders

Classification of amino acids. Degradation of amino acids (C3, C4, C5 family), urea cycle, uric acid and ammonia formation. Proteins (Structure and Functions): primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Extraction and purification techniques.

12.00
Unit IV: 
Lipids

Classification and nomenclature of Fatty acids, Classification, Structure and functions of lipids. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid, biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins, biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane). Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channelling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation: alpha and omega oxidation.

10.00
Unit V: 
Nucleic Acids

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features).

Essential Readings: 
  • Biochemistry, Second edition; D.Voet and J.G.Voet; John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
  • Voet's Principles of Biochemistry, Global Edition; D.Voet, J. G. Voet, C. W. Pratt ;  Wiley, 2018
  • Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry International Edition, Seventh Edition; D.L. Nelson and Michael Cox; W.H. Freeman & Co.; 2017.

 

References: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Bioorganic Chemistry: A Chemical Approach to Enzyme Action, Third Edition; H. Dugas; Springer, New York,2012.
  • Biochemistry, Ninth Edition; L. Stryer; W.H. Freeman & Company, 2019.
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, third edition; W.H. Elliot and Daphne C. Elliot; Oxford University Press, 2005
  • Principles and Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, sixth edition; K. Wilson and J.Walker; Cambridge University Press, 2007.

e-RESOURCES:

 

Academic Year: 
2023-2024
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