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Biomolecules and Bio-organic Chemistry
Paper Code:
CHY - 425(A)
Credits:
3
Contact Hours:
45.00
Max. Marks:
100.00
Objective:
To learn the basics of biological processes that are required to explain concept of pharmacy.
10.00
Unit I:
Enzymes
Introduction and historical perspective, chemical and biological catalysis, remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation, nomenclature and classification, extraction and purification. Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis, concept and identification of active site by the use of inhibitors, affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis, enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, reversible and irreversible inhibition
8.00
Unit II:
Kinds of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes
Nucleophilic displacement on a phosphorus atom, multiple displacement reactions and the coupling of ATP cleavage to endergonic processes, transfer of sulphate, addition and elimination reactions, enolic intermediates in isomerization reactions, (β-cleavage and condensation, some isomerization and rearrangement reactions, enzyme catalyzed carboxylation and decarboxylation, examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for chymotrypsin, ribonuclease, lysozyme and carboxypeptidase A.
8.00
Unit III:
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system), gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis, C4 pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis.
10.00
Unit IV:
Protein Metabolism and Disorders
Degradation of amino acids (C3, C4, C5 family), urea cycle, uric acid and ammonia formation.
Proteins (Structure and Functions): primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure; enzymes, active sites, allosteric sites and mechanisms of their actions, e.g., chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, lipases, etc; enzyme immobilization and their application, enzyme as target as drug design.
9.00
Unit V:
Nucleic Acids
Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features), genetic errors, carcinogenesis and recombinant DNA technology.
Essential Readings:
- Bioorganic Chemistry: A chemical approach to enzyme action, Herman Dugas and C. Penny, Springer Verlag.
- Principles of Biochemistry, Third Edition; A.L. Lehninger; McMillan Press, U.K, 2002.
- Biochemistry, Fifth Edition; L. Stryer; W.H. Freeman, 2002.
- Biochemistry; J. David Rawn, Tanima Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2004.
- Biochemistry, Second Edition; Voet and Voet; John Wiley and Sons, U.S.A., 1995.
- Outline of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition; E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf; John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi, 1994.
- Chemistry and the Living Organisms; Bloomfield; John Wiley and Sons, 1987.
Academic Year:
