CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS

Paper Code: 
CHY 112
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objective(s):

This course will enable the students to-

  • explain the core concepts of organic chemistry i.e. resonance, hyperconjugation, inductive effect etc. and their qualitative and quantitative treatment.
  • acquire in-depth knowledge of structure, bonding, reactivity and reaction mechanisms of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes & alkynes.

       Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcomes

Teaching Learning Strategies

Assessment

Strategies

On completion of this course, the students will be able to-

CO7: identify the different electronic effects to understand the behaviour of organic compounds

CO8: apply the knowledge of different electronic effects to solve the mechanistic problems

CO9: describe the structure, stability, reactivity and mechanistic ability of various saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

CO10: identify & illustrate different organic reaction mechanisms.

CO11: predict the products of reactions given by saturated & unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • Class lectures
  • Tutorials
  • Group discussions
  • Use of models
  • Assertion and reasoning
  • Technology enabled learning
  • Peer learning
  • Problem solving exercises

 
  • Oral and written     examinations
  • Assignments
  • Quiz
  • Efficient delivery using    seminar presentations
  • Group activity
  • Multiple choice questions
  • Short answer type questions
  • Assertion and reasoning

 

 

 

9.00
Unit I: 
General treatment of reaction mechanism

Different electronic effects (electrometric effect, inductive effect, hyperconjugation and mesomeric effect) and their applications, dipole moment.
Heterolytic and homolytic bond cleavage, reactive intermediates- generation and stability of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes, types of reactions and their mechanisms, representation of mechanistic steps using arrow formalism.

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Chemistry of Alkanes & Cycloalkanes

Alkanes- introduction to hydrocarbons, branched and unbranched alkanes, physical properties, reactivity of alkanes- bond dissociation energies, halogenation with special reference to generation of free radicals, reactivity and selectivity, energy profile diagram.
Cycloalkanes- nomenclature, chemical reactions, Baeyer Strain theory, concept of banana bond, addition to cyclopropane ring, theory of strainless rings, cyclohexane- axial and equatorial bonds, conformational analysis of monosubstituted and disubstituted cyclohexane, concept of conformational locking.
Self-Study: Different methods of formation of alkanes and cycloalkanes

 

9.00
Unit III: 
Chemistry of Alkenes

Structure and bonding, IUPAC nomenclature, cis-trans isomerism, methods of preparation- dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reaction (mechanisms of elimination reactions), Saytzeff and Hoffmann eliminations, physical properties, chemical reactions- electrophilic addition reactions- hydrohalogenation, hydration and halogenation (Markownikoff and anti-Markownikoff addition), regioselectivity, mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation).
Addition of singlet and triplet carbenes.

 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Chemistry of Dienes

Structure and stability of conjugative and cumulative dienes, resonance and molecular orbital structure of allene and 1,3-butadiene, methods of preparation, addition of hydrogen halides to conjugated dienes- 1,4 v/s 1,2 addition (formation, structure and stability of allylic carbocation and free radicals), an elementary concept of orbital symmetry and it’s application to Diels-Alder reaction. Allylic and benzylic bromination.

9.00
Unit V: 
Chemistry of Alkynes

Nomenclature, structure and stability, methods of synthesis, chemical reactions- electrophilic and nucleophilic additions, hydration reaction, alkylation of terminal alkynes, acidity, reduction of alkynes –catalytic hydrogenation, dissolving metal reduction.

Essential Readings: 
  • Organic Chemistry, Sixth Edition; R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd; Pearson Education India, New Delhi, 2017.

 

References: 

SUGGESTED READINGS

  • Organic Chemistry, Second Edition; J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren; Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2012.
  • Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition (Indian Edition); G. Marc Loudon, J. Parise; WH Freeman, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.
  • Organic Chemistry, Twelfth Edition (Global Edition); T. W. Graham Solomons, C. B. Fryhle, S. A. Snyder; Wiley Publishers, United Kingdom, 2017.

e-RESOURCES

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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