Functionalized Organic Compounds-I (Carbon-Halogen and Carbon- Oxygen/Sulphur Bonds)

Pre requisite: S_N2 and S_N1 reactions, Saytzeff’s and Hoffmann rules

Substitution reactions: introduction, stereochemistry and factors affecting reactivity in substitution reactions.

Elimination reactions: introduction, β elimination reactions – E₂ and E₁ reactions, orientation in β elimination reactions.

Substitution v/s elimination.

Self Study: Methods of preparation ,  other important reactions of alkyl halides

Lack of reactivity of vinyl and aryl halide under S_N1 and S_N2 condition, elimination reaction of vinyl halide.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of aryl halides: addition-elimination mechanism, elimination-addition (benzyne) mechanism; reactions involving allylic and benzylic carbocations, allylic and benzylic S_N2 reactions.

Introduction, classification, methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes,  ketones, carboxylic acid and esters, biological oxidation of ethanol, hydrogen bonding, acidic nature-comparison with thiols, effect of solvents and polarity,reactions of alcohols.

Method of preparation, chemical reactions of vicinal glycols, oxidative cleavage with [Pb(OAc)₄] and HIO₄; Pinacol- pinacolone rearrangement.

Trihydric alcohols: introduction, method of preparation and chemical reactions of glycerol.

Self Study: Nomenclature

Introduction, acidic character, comparative acidic strength of alcohol and phenol; reactions of phenols – electrophilic aromatic substitution, acylation and carboxylation, Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Gattermann synthesis, Houben–Hoesch reaction, Lederer–Manasse reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction.

Self Study: Preparation of phenols.