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GREEN CHEMISTRY
Course Objective(s):
This course will enable the students to –
apply the basic principles of green chemistry in designing chemical synthesis of compounds, minimization of hazardous waste and identify the challenges in achieving the goals of green chemistry.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course Outcomes |
Teaching Learning Strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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On completion of this course, the students will be able to- CO107: understand the goals of green chemistry and the need for it in promoting sustainable development. CO108: identify and compare alternative green solvents evaluate their selectivity, efficiency, and industrial applicability in chemical reactions. CO109: describe and apply non-conventional energy sources for chemical reactions and understand their advantages and limitations in terms of reaction efficiency and selectivity. CO110: differentiate between different types of green catalysis and discuss their applications in specific reactions. CO111: assess the future trends in green chemistry, and their potential impact on sustainable development. |
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Need for green chemistry, goals of green chemistry, limitations in the pursuit of the goals of green chemistry. Comprehensive study of twelve basic principles of green chemistry with their examples, designing a green synthesis, prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products reducing toxicity, calculation of atom economy.
Green Solvents– supercritical fluids, water as a solvent for organic reactions, ionic liquids, fluorous biphasic solvent, PEG, solventless processes, immobilized solvents.
Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate to benzoic acid, oxidation of toluene and alcohols; microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents-Diels-Alder reaction and decarboxylation reaction
Ultrasound assisted reactions: Esterification, saponification, substitution reactions, Alkylations, oxidation, reduction, coupling reaction, Cannizzaro reaction, Strecker synthesis, Reformatsky reaction.
Photochemical reactions.
Heterogeneous Catalysis: Zeolites, silica, alumina, clay, polymer (peracid and chromic acid), cyclodextrin etc. supported catalysts, comparison of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis.
Biocatalysis: Enzymatic oxidation, microbial oxidation and reduction
Phase-transfer Catalysis: Application in N-alkylation/C-alkylation, Darzen reaction, Wittig reaction, heterocyclic compounds, 3-alkyl coumarin, flavanones, oxidation using H2O2, use of crown ethers in esterification, aromatic substitution and elimination reaction.
Oxidation reagents and catalysts, biomimetic, multifunctional reagents, combinatorial green chemistry, proliferation of solventless reactions, Co-Crystal Controlled Solid State Synthesis (C2S3), green chemistry in sustainable development.
Surfactants for carbon dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting solvents with CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments.
An efficient green synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic (poly lactic acid) made from corn.
Healthier fats and oil by Green Chemistry- enzymatic interesterification for production of no trans-fats and oils
Development of fully recyclable carpet- cradle to cradle carpeting.
- Green Chemistry: Introductory Text, Second Edition; M. Lancaster; Royal Society of Chemistry London, 2010.
- Green Chemistry: A textbook, V.K. Ahluwalia; Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2012.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
- Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P.T. Anastas and J.C. Warner; Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Green Chemistry : Environmental Friendly Alternatives , Rashmi Sanghi , M.M. Srivastava , Narosa Publishing House ,2006.
e-RESOURCES:
- https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/743GE%20Guidebook%202%20-%20Principles_final.pdf (Unit I)
- https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/79931/1/Unit-4.pdf (Unit I and II)
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI8g6x179t0 (Unit I)
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4iwxPyVvxM (Unit III)
- https://pubs.rsc.org/no/content/chapterhtml/2016/bk9781782621409-00001?isbn=978-1-78262-140-9 (Unit III)
- https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/352730715X_c01.pdf (Unit IV)
- https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)82149-X/fulltext (Unit V)
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5645069/ (Unit V)
- https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000051584153&view=1up&seq=2 (Unit V)
