INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Cement: Types of cement, manufacture, composition and hydration of Portland cement, blended cement, admixture in cement and concrete.
Ceramics: Introduction, types, manufacturing processes, refractories and their commercial applications.

Hands-on Exercises:

• Analysis of cement and building materials: Silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulphur trioxide, sulphide- sulphur, sodium and potassium oxide, loss on ignition.
• Analysis of Ceramics: Determination of titanium dioxides and aluminium oxide from oxide ceramics.

Dairy Chemistry: Milk and milk products, composition and structure of milk, milk proteins, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, density and viscosity of milk, effect of heat on milk, milk processing, basic milk categories, butter, ghee and clarified butter.

Hands-on Exercises:

• Identification of adulterants in milk and milk products. 
• Determination of titratable Acidity as Lactic acid in milk
• Determination of calcium and magnesium by EDTA method
• Phosphatase test for pasteurized milk
• Determination of casein in milk
• Clot on boiling test
• Test for presence of skimmed milk powder in natural milk

Pigments: General characteristics of pigments, types of pigments, general properties and methods of preparation of white pigments.
Paints: General characteristics of paint varnishes and lacquers, their function, manufacture and classification, general account of enamal, emulsion and water paints. Function of solvent, thinner, dyes, filler, resins, drier, insecticides and additives in paint formulations.

Hands-on Exercises:

• Synthesis of inorganic pigments
  • Zinc oxide
  • PbCrO₄
  • ZnCrO₄
  • Prussian Blue
  • Malachite
• Preparation of poster colour

Importance of Paper industry, characteristics and composition of different papers, various fibrous raw materials for paper manufacture. Classification of Hardwood and Softwoods. Preparation of raw materials (De-barking, chipping, screening and conveying). Pulping and different pulping processes (Mechanical pulping, alkaline pulping, acid pulping and semi chemical pulping). Washing and bleaching of pulp. Effluents from paper industry and their treatment. Stock preparation (Beating, refining, sizing and loading).
Manufacture of paper on paper machine, testing of different properties of pulp and paper.

Industrial visit for demonstration for following process:

• Pre hydrolysis Kraft and soda-pulping
• Alkaline Sulphite pulping.
• Pulp analysis - Kappa/Permanganate number, copper number viscosity and lignin.
• Waste paper processing/deinking and evaluation.

Various textile chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing and printing (cotton, wool and silk). Introduction to the following reaction and their application in textile chemistry. i. Nitration ii. Sulphonation iii. Halogenation iv. Diazotization.

Hands-on Exercises:

• Synthesis of dye and its application to various fabrics.
• Determination of colour fastener properties.
• Industrial visits would be planned for the enhancement of skills for the technical processes involved in these industries.