To learn about molecular shape and structure to determine reactivity.
Pre requisite: Hybridization of carbon, cis-trans isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, physical properties.
Structure and bonding in alkenes, heat of hydrogenation; methods of formation – dehydration of alcohols (formation of carbocation, structure and stability), dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide, relative stability of alkene isomers by Saytzeff’s rule and Hoffmann’s rule; regioselectivity.
Mechanism involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radial addition, Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction, oxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4 and OsO4.
Structure and stability of conjugative and cumulative dienes, resonance and molecular orbital structure of allene and 1,3-butadiene; methods of preparation, Diels’ Alder reaction; addition of hydrogen halides to conjugated dienes – 1,4 v/s 1,2 addition (formation, structure and stability of allylic carbocation and free radicals).
Pre requisite: Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, hydroboration-oxidation reaction.
Structure and stability; methods of preparation, acidity of alkynes, chemical reactions, mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions; reduction of alkynes – catalytic hydrogenation, dissolving metal reduction.
Self Study : Industrial applications of alkynes.