Spectroscopy II

Paper Code: 
24CHY224
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to-

acquire knowledge of basic principles of spectroscopy and its applications to rotational, vibrational, Raman, electronic and NMR spectroscopy.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcome

(at course level)

Learning and Teaching Strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course

Title

 

24CHY224

 

Spectroscopy II (Theory)

CO71:Discuss the fundamentals of spectroscopy.

CO72:Describe rotational spectra of different types of  molecules and discuss their applications.

CO73:Explain basic concepts of  vibrational and Raman spectroscopy, with their  practical applications in spectral analysis.

CO74:Determine term symbols of atoms and molecules and interpret various types of electronic transitions.

CO75:Explain principle of  NMR spectroscopy and apply quantum mechanical approach to interpret NMR spectra (A2, AB and AX system).

CO76: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive lectures, tutorials, group discussions and e-learning.

 

Learning activities for the students:

Peer learning, e- learning, problem solving through tutorials and group discussions.

 

 

Written examinations,

Assignments, Quiz

 

 

10.00
Unit I: 
Basic Elements of Spectroscopy

Uncertainty relation and natural line width, natural line broadening, doppler line broadening, pressure broadening, saturation broadening, removal of line broadening. signal-to-noise ratio, resolving power, intensity of spectral lines – transition probability, population of states, path length of sample. General components of an absorption experiment in various regions, dispersing elements, basic elements of practical spectroscopy, Born-Oppenheimer approximation: Rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels in molecules, selection rules and their derivations, Fourier Transform methods (IR and NMR).

 

10.00
Unit II: 
Rotational Spectroscopy

Classification of molecules, linear triatomic molecule, intensities, energy levels and rotational spectra of symmetric top molecules, Stark effect, nuclear and electron spin interaction, effect of external field, applications.

 

14.00
Unit III: 
Vibrational Spectroscopy

Vibrational energies of diatomic molecule, anharmonicity, vibrational-rotational spectroscopy, P, Q, R branches, breakdown of Born-Oppenheimer approximation, selection rules, vibrations of poly atomic molecules, normal mode of vibrations, skeletal vibrations, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands, fermi resonance bands, factors affecting the band positions and intensities.

Raman spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect, molecular polarizability, selection rules, rotational Raman spectra-linear molecules, symmetric top and spherical top molecules, vibrational Raman spectra and rotational-vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic molecule, mutual exclusion principle, polarized and depolarized Raman spectra.

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, Coherent Antistokes Raman Spectroscopy CARS (an elementary idea).

 

14.00
Unit IV: 
Electronic Spectroscopy

Atomic spectroscopy: Energy of atomic orbitals, vector representation of momenta and vector coupling (orbital and spin coupling), term symbols, spectra of hydrogen atom, alkali metal atoms, helium, alkaline earth metals and polyelectronic atoms.

Molecular spectroscopy: Energy levels, molecular orbitals- homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules, vibronic transitions, progression and sequences, derivation of Franck-Condon principle, dissociation and pre-dissociation. Electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules: AH2 type molecules, formaldehyde and benzene. Emission spectra, radiative and non-radiative decay, internal conversion. 

12.00
Unit V: 
NMR Spectroscopy

Fundamentals of the NMR phenomenon, Larmor precession, mechanism of spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxations and quantitative treatment of relaxations, quantum mechanical treatment of A2 system, AB system and AX system, selection rules and relative intensities of lines.

 

Essential Readings: 
  1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Fourth Edition; C. N. Banwell and E. M. Mc Cash; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2017.
  2. Modern Spectroscopy, Fourth Edition; J.M. Hollas; John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
  3. NMR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles, Concepts and Applications in Chemistry, Third Edition; H. Gunther; Wiley-VCH, 2013.

 

References: 
  1. Spectroscopy, H.Kaur; Pragati Prakashan, 2017.
  2. Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy, First Edition; S.K. Dogra and H.S. Randhawa; Pearson Education, 2015.
  3. Atom, Molecule and Spectrum, S.K. Dogra and H.S. Randhawa; New Age International (P) Limited, 2015.
  4. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Second Edition; G. Aruldhas; PHI Learning Private Limited, 2015.

 

e-Resources:

1.     https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Spectroscopy/Rotational_spectroscopy

2.     https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/15790/1/Unit-3.pdf

3.     https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/15791

4.     https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/18734    (unit 2 and 3)

5.     https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/43318/1/Unit-12.pdf   (unit 5)

6.     https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104106122

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104101099

Academic Year: