To learn the basic processes which link the biological systems with the chemical systems.
Origin of Life: elementary idea of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, difference between plant and animal cell, cell organelles and their functions: plasma membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, ribosomes, nucleus.
Chemical bonds: Hydrogen bonds, covalent, ionic, Van-der waal interactions.
Amino acids: Essential and non essential, structure of zwitterions, Synthesis of amino acids by reductive amination , GS-GOGAT system and transamination.
Structure of proteins: primary, secondary-α helix and β pleated sheets, tertiary and Quaternary structure
Classification, structure and functions of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides - starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin and pectins.
Glycoconjugates: proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Structure and functions of lipids, Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids, Classification- simple, compound and derived lipids (steroids and cholesterol), Synthesis of long chain fatty acids, α-oxidation, β-oxidation.
DNA- Double helical structure of DNA, types of DNA -A, B, C and Z forms, replication,
RNA- RNA structure and its types- r RNA, mRNA, and tRNA, ribozymes