Biomolecules

Chemistry and classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides disaccharides and oligosaccharides, stability and formation of glycosidic bond, elucidation of ring size( pyranose and furanose), configuration and conformation, polysaccharides storage and structural polysaccharides and glycosominolycans (heparin, hyaluronic acid and others) structural determination of polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids, blood group substances, acid-mucopolysaccharides and proteoglycans. Periodic acid oxidation of sugars.

The molecular structure and behaviour of lipids, classification of lipids, chemistry of fatty acids, triacyl glycerols, waxes, glycerol phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, cerebrosides, cholesterol, bile acids and bile salts, biological role of neutral fats, phospholipids, cholesterol, structure and biological role of lipoproteins, liposomes, structure and functions of prostaglandins, prostancilins, leukotrienes.

Introduction to proteins, chemistry and properties of the amino acids, properties of amino acid side chains, modified and unusual amino acids, peptides and the peptide bond, stability and formation of the peptide bond, proteins-structure and classification, introduction to chemical modification of proteins isolation, purification and criteria of proteins, peptide synthesis-solution and solid phase methods. Proof of peptide bonds. Amino acid analysis of proteins, primary structure, determination of the n and c terminal residues of a protein, sequence determination of a protein, secondary structure-peptide foldings, peptide mapping, ramachandran plots, fibrous proteins-keratins, collagen, globular proteins-tertiary structure-functional diversity, myoglobin, hemoglobin and rnase-structural features, quaternary structure of proteins, determination of molecular weights and number of sub units in a protein.

Chemistry of nucleic acids, structure and properties of purines, pyrimidines,nucleosides and nucleotides, nomenclature for base derivatives and polynucleotides, structure of nucleic acids, ribo and deoxyribonucleic acids, base composition, helical molecules,double helical structure (B, A and Z forms), forces stabilizing nucleic acid structure, elementary treatment of superconed, Introduction to t-RNA, m-RNA, r-RNA structure, physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, spectral characters, thermal denaturation and annealing, action of acid, alkali and enzymes on nucleic acid structure.

Structure and functions, porphyrins heme and chlorophyll. Vitamins- discovery and importance of vitamins, classification, chemistry, biological role and deficiency disorders of vitamins. Role of minerals as micronutrients in biological reactions.