Biomolecules

Structure, preparation, important reactions and derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.

Occurrence, classification and their biological importance

Monosaccharides: Constitution and absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers and anomers, mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth projections and conformational structures; Interconversions of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani-Fischer synthesis and Ruff degradation.

Disaccharides – Structure of maltose, lactose and sucrose,α & β glycosidic linkages, reducing & non-reducing sugars

Polysaccharides – Elementary treatment of starch, cellulose and glycogen.

Components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), nucleosides and nucleotides; double helical structure of DNA, Structure, synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine; Structure of polynucleotides.

Amino acids, Peptides and their classification : α-Amino Acids - Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions. Zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and electrophoresis;Glycoproteins.

Study of peptides: Determination of their primary structures-end group analysis, methods of peptide synthesis. Synthesis of peptides using N-protecting, C-protecting and C-activating groups . Solid-phase synthesis, denaturation and renaturation.

Introduction to oils and fats; common fatty acids present in oils and fats, Hydrogenation of fats and oils, Saponification value, acid value, iodine number. Reversion and rancidity.