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BIOMOLECULES
Course Objective(s):
This course will enable the students to-
endow with the knowledge of the structure-function relationship and importance of biomolecules in perpetuation of living systems.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course Outcomes |
Teaching Learning Strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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On completion of this course, the students will be able to- CO75: understand structural configuration, their synthesis & reactions of nucleic acids. CO76: summarize the functions of amino acids & proteins and identify the influence of the three-dimensional shape and subUnits of a protein on its function. CO77: understand the theories of enzyme kinetics, the mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, and the mechanisms of enzyme regulation in the cell. CO78: develop an understanding of the chemistry of lipids, the unique structural and associative properties of lipid molecules which distinguishes them as a class and forms the basis for an understanding of the nutritional biochemistry which describes and seeks to predict the physical and biological functions of lipids in living tissues. CO79: learn about a variety of drug classes and their pharmacological actions. |
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Components of nucleic acids, nucleosides and nucleotides, structure, synthesis and reactions of: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and thymine, structure of polynucleotides.
α-Amino Acids: Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions, zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and electrophoresis.
Study of peptides: Determination of their primary structures-end group analysis, methods of peptide synthesis: synthesis of peptides using N-protecting, C-protecting and C-activating groups: solid-phase synthesis.
Proteins: Classification and structure.
Introduction, classification and characteristics of enzymes, salient features of active site of enzymes,
mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as example), factors affecting enzyme action, coenzymes and cofactors and their role in biological reactions, specificity of enzyme action (including stereospecificity), enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric inhibition).
Introduction to oils and fats, common fatty acids present in oils and fats, hydrogenation of fats and oils, saponification value, acid value, iodine number, reversion and rancidity.
Cells obtain energy by the oxidation of foodstuff (organic) molecules, introduction to metabolism (catabolism, anabolism).
ATP: The universal currency of cellular energy, ATP hydrolysis and free energy change, agents for transfer of electrons in biological redox systems: NAD+, FAD.
Conversion of food to energy: Outline of catabolic pathways of carbohydrate: glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle.
Overview of catabolic pathways of fat and protein.
Interrelationship in the metabolic pathways of protein, fat and carbohydrate.
Caloric value of food, standard caloric content of food types.
Structure and importance, classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis), analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis), an elementary treatment of antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol, edicinal values of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine).
- Biochemistry, Sixth Edition; J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko, & L. Stryer; W.H. Freeman and Co., 2006.
- Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition; D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox, & A.L. Lehninger; W.H. Freeman and Co., 2009.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
- Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry; XXVIII edition; R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes, & V.W. Rodwell, Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill, 2009.
e-RESOURCES:
- https://www.slideshare.net/mmravagnan/powerpoint-enzymes (Unit II)
- https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=MNhNzp1RQlU+6LM40KjY1Q== (Unit I and III)
