Biomolecules and Bio-organic Chemistry

Remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation, nomenclature and classification. Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis.Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, Bisubstrate reactions. Enzyme inhibition. Factors affecting enzyme catalysis.Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease, Lysozyme, &Carboxipeptidase A.

Affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis.

Structure & classification of carbohydrates. Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system), gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis, C4 pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis: C3, C4 & CAM pathway.

Classification of amino acids. Degradation of amino acids (C3, C4, C5 family), urea cycle, uric acid and ammonia formation. Proteins (Structure and Functions): primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.Extraction and purification techniques.

Classification and nomenclature of Fatty acids,Classification, Structure and functions of lipids. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid, biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins, biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane).Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channeling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation: alpha and omega oxidation.

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-   RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and   translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features).