Remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation, nomenclature and classification. Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis. Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, Bisubstrate reactions. Enzyme inhibition. Factors affecting enzyme catalysis. Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease, Lysozyme, & Carboxipeptidase A.

Affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis.

Structure & classification of carbohydrates. Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system), gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis, C4 pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis: C3, C4 & CAM pathway.

Classification of amino acids. Degradation of amino acids (C3, C4, C5 family), urea cycle, uric acid and ammonia formation. Proteins (Structure and Functions): primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Extraction and purification techniques.

Classification and nomenclature of Fatty acids, Classification, Structure and functions of lipids. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid, biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins, biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane). Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channelling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation: alpha and omega oxidation.

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features).