Biomolecules and Bio-Organic Chemistry

Paper Code: 
25CHY425B
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to

endow with the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of biomolecules, and their importance with regard to maintenance and perpetuation of living systems.

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcome

(at course level)

Learning and Teaching Strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course

Title

 

25CHY425 B

 

Biomolecules and Bio-Organic Chemistry (Theory)

CO176 Discuss the properties and functions of enzymes and outline mechanisms of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

CO177 Describe major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

CO178 Recognize the structures and functions of amino acids and proteins.

CO179 Analyse the different roles of fat and describe the structure, biosynthesis, oxidation and storage of fatty acids.

CO180 Learn the structure and functions of  RNA and DNA and interpret the structure-function relationships of the proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

CO181 Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in teaching:

Interactive lectures, tutorials, group discussions and e-learning.

 

Learning activities for the students:

Peer learning, e- learning, problem solving through tutorials and group discussions.

 

 

Written examinations,

Assignments, Quiz

 

 

14.00
Unit I: 
Enzymes

Remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation, nomenclature and classification. Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis. Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots, Bisubstrate reactions. Enzyme inhibition. Factors affecting enzyme catalysis. Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease, Lysozyme, & Carboxipeptidase A.

Affinity labeling and enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis.

12.00
Unit II: 
Carbohydrate Metabolism

Structure & classification of carbohydrates. Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport system), gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis, C4 pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis: C3, C4 & CAM pathway.

 

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Protein Metabolism and Disorders

Classification of amino acids. Degradation of amino acids (C3, C4, C5 family), urea cycle, uric acid and ammonia formation. Proteins (Structure and Functions): primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Extraction and purification techniques.

 

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Lipids

Classification and nomenclature of Fatty acids, Classification, Structure and functions of lipids. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid, biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins, biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane). Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channelling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation: alpha and omega oxidation.

 

10.00
Unit V: 
Nucleic Acids

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features).

 

Essential Readings: 
  1. Biochemistry, Second edition; D.Voet and J.G.Voet; John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
  2. Voet's Principles of Biochemistry, Global Edition; D.Voet, J. G. Voet, C. W. Pratt ;  Wiley, 2018
  3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry International Edition, Seventh Edition; D.L. Nelson and Michael Cox; W.H. Freeman & Co.; 2017.

 

References: 
  1. Bioorganic Chemistry: A Chemical Approach to Enzyme Action, Third Edition; H. Dugas; Springer, New York,2012.
  2. Biochemistry, Ninth Edition; L. Stryer; W.H. Freeman & Company, 2019.
  3. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, third edition; W.H. Elliot and Daphne C. Elliot; Oxford University Press, 2005
  4. Principles and Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, sixth edition; K. Wilson and J.Walker; Cambridge University Press, 2007.

 

e-Resources:

  1. Enzymes: principles and biotechnological applications - PMC (nih.gov)
  2. Enzyme databases - PubMed (nih.gov)
  3. Enzymes - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
  4. Enzyme (genome.gov)

 

 

 

Academic Year: