Cell Biology And Physiology

Prerequisite: Characterization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, mycoplasma, structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, development of cell theory and levels for organization in biology, dynamic nature of cell constituents and their functions, the nucleus and chromosomes, relations between nucleus and cytoplasm, chemistry of nucleus and nucleolus, localisation of nucleic acid, chemical nature of the gene and comparison of the genome in bacteria, viruses and eukaryotic cells

Events in cell cycle, synchronized cell division and methods to achieve it, synthesis of international molecules during cell cycle, regulation of transition from G1 to S and G2 to M phases of cell cycle, cytokinesis in plant, animal and bacterial cells, accelerating and blocking cell division CDC mutants, cell culture methods, growth studies on single cells, measuring growth rates of cells, growth of plants and animal cells in tissue culture, culture of cancer cells, unbalanced growth and regulation of growth, cell death(apoptosis and necrosis).

Blood components and their functions, genesis of erythrocytes and leukocytes, granular and agranular leukocytes, resistance of the body to infection: the macrophage system and inflammation, phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages,T and B lymphocytes. Blood groups: the ABO system, the rhesus system, blood clotting factors, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways for blood clotting; composition and functions of lymph and lymphatic system; overall design of circulatory system; pulmonary and systemic circulation.

Digestive System : Basic structure & organization of digestive system in human being, physiology of digestion, absorption & assimilation in the gastrointestinal tract. Excretory system : Nephron, mechanism of urine formation (filtration) osmoregulation - acid-base balance and its regulation, composition of urine.

Endocrine System: Hormones of anterior pituitary, thyroid and pancreas- chemical structure of hormones and physiological roles, role of cAMP Nervous system : Organization of nervous system in human being, development of action potential and nerve impulse, neurotransmitters and its action, major sense organ and receptors.