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CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
Course Objectives:
This course will enable the students to –
- understand the concept of quantitative analysis.
- learn the concept of chromatographic techniques.
- acquire knowledge of conductometric titrations and their calculations.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course Outcomes |
Teaching Learning Strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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On completion of this course, the students will be able to – CO58: determine different metal ions gravimetrically. CO59: conduct the pH metric and conductometric titrations and calculate the specific and equivalent conductance of a given electrolyte at different dilutions. CO60: operate conductivity meter and determine the strength of given unknown acid/base solutions by using it. CO61: Apply chromatographic technique to separate and identify different components of mixture. CO62: determine critical solution temperature of partially miscible liquids. CO63: explain and apply the concept of transition temperature.
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Basic Principles of Analytical Techniques 30 Hrs
Data Analysis: Errors in chemical analysis, classification of errors, accuracy and precision, minimization of errors, significant figures. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation, Relative standard deviation, coefficient of variance, sampling in analysis, rejection of results, presentation of data. Requirements of gravimetry- Properties of precipitates and precipitating regents, particle size and filterability of precipitates, colloidal and crystalline precipitates, co-precipitation and post-precipitation, washing, drying and ignition of precipitates, precipitation in homogenous media, principles of gravimetric estimation of chloride, zinc, iron and aluminium.
Use of organic reagents in gravimetric analysis- dimethylglyoxime, 8-hydroxyquinoline, anthranilic acid, cupferron.
Quantitative Analysis: Gravimetric Analysis (Any Three)
a) Estimation of Cu as CuSCN,
b) Estimation of Zn as Zinc ammonium phosphate,
c) Estimation of Pb as PbCrO4
d) Estimation of Ni as Ni(DMG)2
Chromatographic Techniques (Demonstration) 8 Hrs
Thin Layer Chromatography
- Separation of 2,4 –dinitrophenylhydrazones of acetone, 2-butanone, hexan-2- one and hexane-3-one using toluene and light petroleum (40:60).
- Separation of green leaf pigments (spinach leaves may be used).
Ascending paper chromatography
- Separation of green leaf pigments (spinach leaves may be used).
Circular paper chromatography
- Separation of amino acids or carbohydrates.
Physical Chemistry Experiments 22 Hrs
- Titration of acetic acid against NaOH pH metrically.
- (i) Determination of cell constant of a given cell.
(ii) Determination of specific and equivalent conductance of the given electrolyte (NaCl) at different dilutions.
c Determination of solubility and solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt (lead sulfate/ barium sulfate / silver chloride / calcium sulfate / lead chromate) by conductance measurement.
- To determine the strength of unknown acid (HCl/CH3COOH) conductometrically using standard alkali solution.
e. To determine the mutual solubility curve for phenol – water system and their consolute point.
f. To study the effect of a solute (NaCl/succinic acid) on the critical solution temperature of two partially miscible liquids (e.g. phenol-water system) and to determine the concentration of that solute in the system.
g. To determine the transition temperature of given substance by thermometric method.
h. Determination of freezing point depression constant of camphor using Rast method.
- University Practical Chemistry, Second Edition; P.C. Kamboj; Vishal Publishing House, New Delhi; 2019.
- Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Twenty Third Edition; Gurdeep Raj; Goel Publishing House, Meerut 2013.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
- Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Fifth Edition; B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.D. Smith, A.R. Tatchell; Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
- A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol. VII, K. L. Kapoor; McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2019.
- Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, Eighteenth Edition; J.B. Yadav; Goel Publishing House, Meerut, 2015.
e-RESOURCES:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdljF0whwMQ
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hFwbpYWWh0
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bclift-0sWs
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75_d9qBW-og
- https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=2&brch=190
Scheme of Examination
The duration of examination will be 4 hrs.
The following exercise will be set in the examination -
- Quiz based on theoretical background of gravimetric analysis 10 marks
- Gravimetric analysis 28 marks
- Physical Chemistry experiment 20 marks
- Viva 12 marks
- Total 70 marks
- Gravimetric analysis:
The exercise carries 28 marks. The distribution of marks will be as follows: Six marks will be reserved for the preparation of solutions, neat methodical and systematic working of the candidate.
The remaining 22 marks will be distributed as follows:
- Theory 4 marks
- Correct observation and proper recording 4 marks
- Use of correct formula and calculation 4 marks
- Result 10 marks
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% Error |
Marks awarded |
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1.0 |
10 |
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>1.0 & <1.5 |
7 |
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>1.5 & <2 |
3 |
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>2 |
0 |
- Physical Chemistry Experiment:
The exercise carries 20 marks, 4 marks shall be awarded for preparatory work, setting up of an apparatus, neat and methodical work. Any modifications will not involve any departure from the basic principles over which experiments are prescribed in the syllabus.
Sixteen marks will be awarded for correct observation, use of correct formula, calculation and result within permissible limits.
- Theory and procedure 4 marks
- Correct observation and proper recording 4 marks
- Use of correct formula and calculation 4 marks
- Result 4 marks
The permissible limit will be decided by the examiner as it varies with the nature of experiment.
- Viva:
Oral questions shall generally be asked over the work assigned to the candidate. The purpose is to find out as to what extent the candidate has understood the basic principles of chemistry.
