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CHEMISTRY LABORATORY VI
Course Objective(s):
This course will enable the students to–
detect the presence of oxygen containing functional groups and synthesize some important organic compounds by conventional and green methods.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course Outcomes |
Teaching Learning Strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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On completion of this course, the students will be able to- CO48: identify the functional groups in simple organic compounds by performing step-wise qualitative tests. CO49: demonstrate and apply common laboratory techniques including refluxing, distillation, recrystallization, vacuum filtration, extraction, thin layer chromatography in the prescribed synthesis. CO50: synthesize some important organic compounds through conventional methods as well as green methods and check their melting points and purity after recrystallization. |
instructions and demonstrations
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Functional group tests
Determination of functional groups for alcohols, phenols, carbonyl and carboxylic acid group.
Organic preparations (Any eight)
- Acetylation of one of the following compounds: amines (aniline, o-, m-, p- toluidines and o-, m-, p-anisidine) and phenols (β-naphthol, vanillin, salicylic acid) by using conventional/green method.
- Benzolyation of one of the following amines (aniline, o-, m-, p- toluidines and o-, m-, p-anisidine) and one of the following phenols (β-naphthol, resorcinol, p-cresol) by Schotten-Baumann reaction.
- Oxidation of ethanol/ isopropanol (Iodoform reaction).
- Bromination of acetanilide by conventional method/green approach
- Nitration of any one of the following:
- Acetanilide/nitrobenzene by conventional method
- Salicylic acid by green approach (using ceric ammonium nitrate).
- Selective reduction of meta dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline.
- Reduction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde by sodium borohydride.
- Hydrolysis of amides and esters.
- Semicarbazone of any one of the following compounds: acetone, ethyl methylketone, cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde.
- S-Benzylisothiouronium salt of one each of water soluble and water insoluble acids (benzoic acid, oxalic acid, phenyl acetic acid and phthalic acid).
- Aldol condensation using either conventional or green method.
- Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement.
- The above derivatives should be prepared using 0.5-1g of the organic compound. The solid samples must be collected and may be used for recrystallization, melting point and TLC.
- Practical Organic Chemistry; Fourth Edition; F.C. Mann, B.C. Saunders; Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi, 2013.
- Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry; Fifth Edition; B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith, A.R. Tatchell ; Adission – Wesley Longman Ltd. England, 2015.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
- Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R.,University Press (2000).
- Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry: Qualitative Analysis; Ahluwalia, V.K. & Dhingra, S. University Press (2000).
- Advanced University Practical Chemistry, Part I, First Edition; P.C. Kamboj, Vishal Publishing House, New Delhi; 2013.
e-RESOURCES:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oROSQnzSdZE(Preparation of Organic Compounds)
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17518253.2012.740078?cookieSet=1(Green methodologies in organic synthesis)
Scheme of Examination
The duration of examination will be 5 hrs.
The following exercises will be set in the examination
Organic Synthesis (one step) 17 marks
Determination of Functional Group 28 marks
Viva 15 marks
Total 70 marks
Organic Synthesis
This exercise carries 17 marks. 4 marks out of 17 are reserved for neat, methodical and systematic working. The exercise amongst the candidates will be allotted by lot.
The yield, purity, crystallization, recording of M.P. and proper presentation of the compound shall be taken into account while awarding marks.
Functional Group Determination
This exercise carries 28 marks. Two compounds (one solid and one liquid) will be provided to detect the functional group. Detection of each compound carries 14 marks. The distribution of 14 marks will be as follows:
Physical properties: colour, state, odour 2 marks
Ignition test (Aliphatic/Aromatic) 1 mark
Solubility 1 mark
Action on litmus paper 1 marks
Detection of functional group: Preliminary test 3 marks
Confirmatory test of functional groups 3 marks
M.P./B.P. 1 mark
Result 2 marks
Viva
Oral questions shall generally be asked over the work assigned to the candidate. The purpose is to find out as to what extent the candidate has understood the basic principles.
