CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS

Paper Code: 
CHY 211
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objective(s):

This course will enable the students to –

  • Understand the physical and chemical properties of s and p block elements.
  • appreciate the vitality of metal ions in biosystems and the importance of organic and inorganic polymers
  • apprise about the basics of nuclear chemistry, calculate binding energy,  mass defect, half life  of radioactive elements and age of fossils, rocks etc.

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcomes

Teaching learning strategies

Assessment

Strategies

  
 

On completion of this course, the students will be able to-

CO35: describe the periodicity in properties, structures, applications and chemical reactivity of the s-block and p-block elements.

CO36: compare the properties, structure and bonding of different interhalogen compounds and xenon compounds.

CO37: draw the structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, phosphorus and Sulphur.

CO38: compare the types of nuclear models, calculate the binding energy, half-life, the age of an object (radiochemical dating). Explain the functions of the major components of a nuclear reactor. Differentiate the artificial and natural radioactivity and discuss the hazards of radiation and safety measures.

CO39: differentiate between bulk and trace elements, identify the importance of metal ions in biological systems, describe the structure and functions of different metalloenzymes and explain the mechanism of photosynthesis.
  • Class lectures
  • Tutorials
  • Group discussions
  • Use of models
  • Assertion and reasoning
  • Technology enabled learning
  • Peer learning

 
  • Oral and written examinations
  • Problem solving exercises
  • Assignments
  • Quiz
  • Efficient delivery using seminar presentations
  • Group activity
  • Multiple choice questions
  • Short answer type questions
  • Assertion and reasoning

 

  

 

9.00
Unit I: 
Chemistry of s-block Elements

Introduction, electronic configuration, anomalous behaviour of Li and Be, diagonal relationship,  comparative study of properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals-size of atoms and ions, density, ionization energy, electronegativity, melting point, boiling point, flame colour and spectra, solutions in liquid ammonia, salient features of hydrides and their classification (ionic, covalent and interstitial), solvation and complexation tendencies, crown ethers and cryptands; biological importance.

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Chemistry of p-block Elements

Pre-requisite: Group and periodic trends of p-block elements.
Structure and bonding, preparation, properties and uses- borates, boron nitrides, boron hydrides (diborane), borazine, carboranes, carbides and its classification, silicates, silicones, phosphazenes, tetrasulphur tetranitride, polyphosphates.
Structural aspects of oxides and oxo acids of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulphur.

 

9.00
Unit III: 
Halogens and Noble Gases

Halogens- general properties, atomic radii, density, electronegativity, ionization energy, non-metallic character, colour, electron affinity, oxidation states, oxidizing power and reactivity. unique position of fluorine.
Preparation, physical properties and structure of interhalogen compounds, polyhalides and  pseudohalogens.
Noble gases- introduction, isolation, properties and uses.
Chemistry of Xenon compounds- preparation, structure and bonding.

 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear models- elementary idea of Shell model and Liquid drop model, natural and artificial radioactivity, transmutation of elements, Radioactive disintegration series, half-life of radio elements, nuclear reactions -fission, fusion and spallation, nuclear reactors and power generation, counters – Geiger-Muller counter and scintillation counter (elementary idea), determination of age of rocks and minerals, radio carbon dating, applications of radioisotopes in medicines, hazards of radiation and safety measures.
Self Study: Atomic Nucleus, nuclear particles, nuclear forces, stability of nucleus, packing fraction, binding energy and mass defect, mode of decay, Soddy-Fajan displacement law.

 

9.00
Unit V: 
Bioinorganic Chemistry

Essential, major and trace elements, basic chemical reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions (specially Na+, K+, Mg2+ ,Ca2+, Fe3+/2+ and Zn2+).
Metal ion transport across biological membrane- Na+- K+ pump, ionophores, structure and functions of haemoglobin and myoglobin, cytochromes (cyt. c and c1), carbonic anhydrase and carbonate -bicarbonate buffering system, biological nitrogen fixation- nitrogenase, photosynthesis- PS-I and PS-II.

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition; J.D. Lee; Wiley India(P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.
  • Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Thirty Third Edition; B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, K.C. Kalia; Vishal Publishing Co., Delhi, 2020.
  • Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, Fourth Edition ; H.J. Arnikar; New Age International(P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2011. (for unit IV)
  • Bioorganic, Bioinorganic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Fourth Edition; P.S. Kalsi, J.P. Kalsi, A. Choudhary; New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2020. (for unit V)

 

References: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Inorganic Chemistry, Seventh International Edition; M. Weller, T. Overton, J. Rourke, F. Armstrong; Oxford University Press, New York, 2018.
  • Inorganic Chemistry (Principle of Structure and Reactivity), Fourth Edition; J. E Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter; Pearson India, New Delhi, 2013.
  • Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition; Gary L. Miessler and Donald A. Tarr; Pearson Education Inc. Singapore, 2013.
  • Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Twenty Third Edition; Gurdeep Raj , Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd, Meerut, 2013.
  • Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, First Edition; S. J. Lippard, J.M. Berg; Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2005.

e-RESOURCES:

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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