Prerequisites: Electronic theory of valency, dipole moments, the hydrogen bond, Atomic and molecular orbital, hybridization and tetracovalency of carbon.
Electronic displacements in a molecule: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, anomeric effect, hydrophobic interactions, shapes of biomolecules. (examples from biomolecules)
Types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement, condensation and polymerization (examples from biological reactions).
Molecular interactions- ion-ion interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, π- π interactions, clatharates and inclusion compounds.
 

Prerequisites: Electronic theory of valency, dipole moments, the hydrogen bond, Atomic and molecular orbital, hybridization and tetracovalency of carbon.
Electronic displacements in a molecule: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, anomeric effect, hydrophobic interactions, shapes of biomolecules. (examples from biomolecules)
Types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement, condensation and polymerization (examples from biological reactions).
Molecular interactions- ion-ion interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, π- π interactions, clatharates and inclusion compounds.
 

Open, closed and isolated system; first law of thermodynamics, heat of formation and heat of reaction; second law of thermodynam¬ics, Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy; application of the first and second law of thermodynamics in understanding energies in living cells, chemical potential, equilibrium constant. Introduction to electrodes, standard electrode potential and its determination, its relationship with emf, Thermodynamics of electron transfer processes in biochemistry(phosphorylation /photosynthesis). High energy compounds, Phosphate group transfer potentials, coupled reactions.

Physical properties and structure of water, hydrogen bonding, ionization of water, pH scale, acids-bases, Handerson-Hasselbalch equation, buffers, ionization behaviour of amino acids and proteins, titration curve, buffer solutions and their action. Osmotic pressure, reflection coefficient, vapour pressure, vapour pressure osmometry, Donnan membrane equilibrium. Colloids and colloidal equilibrium.

Bonding - Covalent bond, coordinate bond, Coordinate bond formation in transition metals, Crystal field theory, ligand field theory, valence bond theory, Bonding of iron in haemoglobin and cytochromes cobalt in Vit-B12, Mg in chlorophyll, chelates and complexes