General Metabolism

Glycolysis and fermentation, different forms of fermentation, Pasteur, Crabtree and Warburg effects, control of glycolysis in muscle, metabolism of fructose, galactose and mannose, reaction of TCA cycle, energy yields and central importance of the cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase mutienzyme complex and its regulation, regulation of TCA cycle and its amphibolic

The coricycle, glyoxylate shunt, lactose and sucrose synthesis, glycoprotein synthesis, HMP shunt, glucoronic acid cycle, Glycogen metabolism and its regulation,Defects in carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation, glycogen storage diseases, pentoruria, galactosuria, lactose intolerance, regulation of blood glucose and diabetes, mucopolysaccharide disorders.

Lipids as energy reserves, utilization of triacylglycerols in animals, fat digestion and absorption, transport of fat to tissues, lipoproteins, mobilization of stored fat, Fatty acid oxidation-α, β and W, energy yields from fatty acid oxidation, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids with odd numbered carbon atoms, control of fatty acid oxidation, role of cornitine, ketogenesis.

Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation of fatty acid chains, fatty acid desaturation, control of fatty acid synthesis, biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, metabolism of phospholipids and glycolipids, cholesterol transport and utilization, biosynthesis of cholesterol and its regulation, biosynthesis of bile acids, metabolism of arachidonate, eiosanoids, prostaglandin's thromboxanes and leukotrienes, disorders of lipid metabolism (ketosis, Niemann pick disease, Gaucher's disease, hyper cholesterolemia, hyper and hypolipoproteinemia, fatty liver, obesity and atherosclerosis)

Nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation, utilization of ammonia, biogenesis of organic nitrogen, general reactions in amino acid metabolism, role of pyridoxal phosphate, urea cycle and its regulation. protein turnover, metabolism of essential and non-essential amino acids, genetic disorders of amino acid metabolism, metabolism of heme, biogenic amines, metabolism and role of glutathione tetrahydrofolate cofactors and metabolism of C-1 units, metabolism of purines and pyrimidines and their regulation, biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides and its regulation, disorders of nucleotide metabolism-gout, Lesca-Nyhan syndrome and orotic aciduria biological and medical importance of nucleotide analogs.