Alkyl halides - nucleophilic substitution reactions – S_N1 and S_N2 mechanisms with kinetic and stereochemical aspects, effect of substrate, solvent and nucleophiles.
Aryl halides-  nucleophilic aromatic substitution – addition-elimination, elimination-addition (benzyne mechanism), relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Self-Study: Methods of preparation of alkyl and aryl halides

Alcohols- chemical reactions, relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, Bouvaelt-Blanc reduction, preparation and properties of glycols, oxidation by periodic acid and lead tetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols- properties, acidity and factors effecting it, ring substitution reactions- Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen rearrangements (with mechanism).
Self-Study: methods of preparation of alcohols and phenols.

Synthesis from acid chlorides, 1,3-dithianes and enamines, pyridinium chlorochromate (PDC), Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), nitriles and carboxylic acids.
Mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on benzoin, Perkin, aldol, Knoevenagel, Reformatsky reaction, Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement.
Condensation with ammonia & its derivatives including reactions with primary & secondary amines, Mannich & Wittig reactions.

Addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds- Michael addition.
Use of acetals as protecting groups. Oxidation of aldehydes, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones, Oppenauer oxidation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH₄, NaBH₄ reductions.
Active methylene compounds- Keto-enol tautomerism, preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate.

Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids, acidity and factors affecting it.
Preparation and Reactions of acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides, relative reactivity and stability of carboxylic acid derivatives.