To learn gradation in properties of main group elements and theoretical concepts of volumetric analysis.
General properties and comparative study of alkali and alkaline earth metals, diagonal relationship, anamolous behaviour of Li and Be, salient features of hydrides and their classification (ionic, covalent and interstitial), solvation and complexation tendencies (Crown ethers and cryptands).
Periodicity in properties of p-block elements with special reference to atomic and ionic radii, ionization energies, electron-affinity, electronegativity, allotropy, inert pair effect, catenation including diagonal relationship.
Some important compounds of p-block elements: group 13 elements – boron hydrides (diborane) and borazine; group 14 elements – carbides and its classification, silicates (classification and structural aspect); group 15 elements – structural aspects of oxides and oxy acids of N & P; group 16 elements – structural aspects of oxy acids of S including peroxo acids.
Unique position of Fluorine, basic nature of halogen, interhalogen compounds and polyhalides (only structural study).
Nobel gases- introduction, isolation, physical properties and uses, xenon compounds.
Reduction potentials – redox half reactions, concept of over potential; diagrammatic presentation of potential data (Latimer, Frost and Pourbaix diagrams); redox stability in water, reactions with water, disproportionation, oxidation by atmospheric oxygen; elements extracted by reduction – Ellingham diagrams.
Simple theoretical background of following types of titrations:
Iodometric & iodimetric titrations: Basic principle, application in standardization of iodine by CuSO4-hypo and H3 AsO3.
Redox titrations : Standard potential, SHE, electrochemical series, emf calculations, internal & external indicators, applications in K2Cr2O7 oxidation reaction.
Complexometric titrations: Types of EDTA titrations, masking and de-masking agents, metal ion indicator, application in estimation of total hardness.
Precipitation titrations: Basic principle, application in Volhard’s method.