Inorganic Chemistry VI

Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, groups and subgroups, relation between orders of a finite group and its subgroup, conjugacy relation and classes, point group.

Atomic Nucleus: mass defect. Nuclear forces: meson exchange theory. Nuclear models (elementary idea : Shell model and Liquid drop model) Concept of nuclear quantum number, magic numbers. Natural radioactivity, Radioactive disintegration series, group displacement law, law of radioactive decay, half-life of radio elements. Nuclear Reactions; Artificial radioactivity, transmutation of elements, fission, fusion and spallation. Nuclear energy and power generation. Separation and uses of isotopes. Radio chemical methods: principles of determination of age of rocks and minerals, radio carbon dating, hazards of radiation and safety measures.

Elements of life: Essential, major and trace elements. Basic chemical reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions (specially Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ ,Ca²⁺, Fe^3+/2+ ,Cu^2+/+, and Zn²⁺).Metal ion transport across biological membrane, Na⁺-ion pump, ionophores.

Biological functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin, cytochromes and ferredoxins, carbonate -bicarbonate buffering system and carbonic anhydrase. Biological nitrogen fixation, Photosynthesis: Photosystem-I and Photosystem-II.

Definition and development of supra molecular chemistry, classification of host guest compounds, nature of supramolecular interactions: ion-ion, dipole-ion and dipole-dipole; cation binding hosts, binding of anions, neutral molecules, organic molecules. Molecular recognition: molecular receptors for different types of molecules

Very weak, weak  and strong hydrogen bonds, utilization of H-bonds to create supramolecular structure. arisonic substrates, design and synthesis of coreceptor molecules and multiple recognition;

Inorganic Polymers- Types, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects and applications of silicones, phosphazenes, and tetrasulphur tetranitride.

Organic Polymers- Classification, condensation and addition polymerizations – mechanism of free radical, cationic, anionic addition polymerization; Ziegler-Natta catalyzed reactions, stereochemistry and kinetics; vinyl polymers (PVC, poly vinyl acetate, polystyrene), teflon, urea-formaldehyde resin and phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyurethanes; synthetic fibres–  nylon-66, nylon-6, polyester, polyacrylic fibres; plasticizers; natural and synthetic rubber, vulcanization.