Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis

Paper Code: 
24DCHY601(B)
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to

understand the fundamental concepts and applications of different instrumental methods and analytical techniques used in chemistry.

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning Outcome

(at course level)

Learning and Teaching Strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course

Title

 

24DCHY

601(B)

 

 

 

 

Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis

(Theory)

 

 

 

CO82:  Describe principle and instrumentation of IR and UV-Visible/Near IR spectrometer.
CO83: Explain different ionization processes, mass analyzers, resolution, detection and interpretation of mass spectrum.

CO84: Apply different chromatographic techniques in the separation & identification of components of a system.

CO85: Acquaint with the instrumental technique of elemental analyses.

CO86: Discuss the  principles involved in NMR, electro analytical, surface imaging technique and their applications.

CO87: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive lectures, tutorials, group discussions and e-learning.

 

Learning activities for the students:

Peer learning, e- learning, problem solving through tutorials and group discussions.

 

 

Written examinations,

assignments and quiz.

 

 

 
 

 

14.00
Unit I: 
Molecular Spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy: Interactions with molecules, absorption and scattering, means of excitation (light sources), separation of spectrum (wavelength dispersion, time resolution), detection of the signal (heat, differential detection), interpretation of spectrum (qualitative, mixtures, resolution), advantages of Fourier Transform (FT IR), applications- issues of quality assurance and quality control, special problems for portable instrumentation and rapid detection.

UV-Visible/ Near IR: Introduction to emission, absorption, fluorescence and photoaccoustic. Excitation sources (lasers, time resolution), wavelength dispersion (gratings, prisms, interference filters, laser, placement of sample relative to dispersion, resolution), detection of signal (photocells, photomultipliers, diode arrays, sensitivity and S/N), single and double beam instruments, interpretation (quantification, mixtures, absorption vs. fluorescence and the use of time, photoaccoustic, fluorescent).

 

10.00
Unit II: 
Mass Spectroscopy

Methods of making the gaseous molecule into an ion (electron impact, chemical ionization method), methods of making liquids and solids into ions (electrospray, electrical discharge, laser desorption, fast atom bombardment), mass analyzers (magnetic-deflection, time of flight, electric quadrupole), resolution, ion- collection systems, detection and interpretation.

 

11.00
Unit III: 
Separation Techniques

Chromatography: Introduction of gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluids chromatography.

Importance of column technology (packing, capillaries), factors affecting separation (volatility, solubility, interactions with stationary phase, size, electrical field), detection: simple vs. specific (gas and liquid), detection as a means of further analysis (use of tags and coupling to IR and MS), Electrophoresis (plates and capillary) and use with DNA analysis.

 

11.00
Unit IV: 
Elemental Analysis Techniques

Atomic spectroscopy: Atomic absorption, Atomic emission, and Atomic fluorescence.

Excitation and methods of getting sample into gas phase (flames, electrical discharges, plasmas), wavelength separation and resolution (dependence on technique), detection of radiation (simultaneous/scanning, signal noise), interpretation (errors due to molecular and ionic species, matrix effects, other interferences).

 

14.00
Unit V: 
Miscellaneous Techniques

Instrumentation and applications - NMR spectroscopy, electroanalytical methods-potentiometry & voltammetry, radiochemical Methods, X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy (surface analysis).

 

Essential Readings: 
  1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Seventh Edition; Skoog, D.A., Holler F.J. and S.R. Crouch; Cengage Learning, USA, 2016.
  2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Seventh Edition; H.H.  Willard, L.L. Merritt, J.A. Dean, F.A. Settle CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2004

 

References: 
  1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Fourth Edition; C. N. Banwell and E. M. Mc Cash; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2017.
  2. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, Fourth Edition; Khopkar, S.M., New Age International Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2020.

 

e-Resources:

  1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103108100 (Unit I, II)
  2. https://www.iitk.ac.in/che/PG_research_lab/pdf/resources/AAS-GTA-reading-material.pdf
  3. (AAS) (Unit IV)
  4. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S001174BS/P001204/M011057/ET/1479291693P9M25eTextJuly20.pdf (Unit II)
  5. https://courseware.cutm.ac.in/courses/organic-spectroscopy/ (Unit I & V)

 

Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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