Introduction to Green Chemistry

History, Need and Goals. Green Chemistry and Sustainability and background of Green Chemistry.

Twelve Basic principles of Green Chemistry, Designing a Green Synthesis

(i)  Alternative Green Solvents- Introduction
(ii)     Aqueous reactions with particular attention to enhancement of selectivity efficiency and industrial applicability compared to those in organic solvents.
(iii)      Reactions in ionic liquids
(iv)     Reactions in supercritical fluids]
(v)     Solvent free neat reactions in liquid phase
(vi)     Solvent free solid phase  reactions
 

Non Conventional Energy sources for reactions

(i) Microwave assisted reactions          

(ii) Ultrasound assisted reactions

 (iii) Photochemical reactions using sunlight

           (i)  Heterogeneous Catalysis

(Zeolites, Silica, Alumina, Clay, Polymer (peracid and chromic acid), Cyclodextrin etc. supported  catalysts)

            (ii) Biocatalysis- Enzymatic oxidation, microbial oxidation and reduction

            (iii) Phase-transfer Catalysis- application in N-alkylation/C-alkylation : Darzen reaction, wittig reaction, heterocyclic compounds, 3-alkyl coumarin, flavanones, oxiadation using H₂O₂, use of crownethers in esterification, aromatic substitution and ellimination reaction.

Oxidation reagents and catalysts; Biomimetic, multifunctional reagents;

 Combinatorial green chemistry; Proliferation of solventless reactions;

Noncovalent derivatization.