Laboratory Course IX

Basic techniques involved in synthetic organic chemistry

1. Different types of glass wares
2. Filtration
3. Distillation (distillation at atmospheric pressure, steam distillation, fractional distillation and distillation at reduced pressure).
4. Recrystallization and melting point correction.
5. Use of decolourising carbon.
6. Thin layer chromatography.

Green Synthesis
a. One step synthesis (any four)

i. Halogen Addition to C=C bond (Bromination of Trans stilbene)

ii. Aldol condensation (Synthesis of dibenzal propanone)

iii. Acetylation (synthesis of acetanilide from aniline)

iv. [4+2] cycloaddition Reaction ( Diel’s Alder reaction between furan and maleic acid )

v. Pechmann Condensation for Coumarin synthesis (Clay catalysed solid state synthesis of 7-hydroxy - 4-methyl coumarin)

vi. Solvent free reaction (microwave assisted ammonium formate medicated Knoevenagel reaction)

b. Two step synthesis

1. Benzoin → benzil → benzilic acid
2. Benzophenone → benzopinacol → benzapinacolone
3. Acetanilide → p-bromoacetanilide → p-bromoaniline
4. Preparation of ionic liquid (1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide) and its application towards synthesis of 2-phenyl-benzothiazole.
5. Acetanilide→ p-nitro acetanilide→ p-nitro aniline