Mechanism of Organic Reactions and Stereochemistry

Paper Code: 
CHY - 212
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
8.00
Unit I: 
Aromaticity

Nomenclature of benzene derivatives (mono and disubstituted), physical properties. Introduction to aromatic compounds: Benzene, structure and stability, M.O concept, resonance and resonance energy; Aromaticity, Huckel’s rule with cyclic carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds,annulenes & kekulene as examples,elementary idea of aromatic,antiaromatic and homoaromatic compounds.

 

8.00
Unit II: 
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution reactions

Aromatic electrophilic substitution – general pattern of the mechanism, s and p complexes, energy profile diagram,activating and deactivating effects of substituents, orientation,o/p ratio, halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and desulphonation, friedel crafts alkylation and acylation; side chain halogenation of alkyl benzenes (toluene, ethyl benzene), Birch reduction,  One carbon electrophiles reactions: chloromethylation, Gatterman-Koch, Gatterman, Hoesch, Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, Reimer-Tiemann, Kolbe-Schmidt.

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Aliphatic and Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution

General preparation and reactions of alkyl halides, Substitution at sp3 centre - Mechanism: SN1, SN2, SNi mechanisms with stereochemical aspects, effect of solvent, substrate structure, leaving group, nucleophiles including ambident nucleophiles (cyanide & nitrite) substitution involving NGP

Aryl halides: Preparation, nucleophilic aromatic substitution; Benzyne mechanism, relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.

 

8.00
Unit IV: 
Stereochemistry

Geometrical isomerism: concept of restricted rotation – cis-trans, syn-anti and E,Z system of nomenclature, geometrical isomerism in oximes, amides and alicyclic compounds. Optical isomerism: elements of symmetry, concept of asymmetry and chirality,  enantiomers and diastereomers, racemic mixture and meso isomers; molecular chirality – allenes, relative and absolute configuration, nomenclature of optical isomers – D,L nomenclature, sequence rule and the R,S system of nomenclature, resolution of enantiomers; elementary concepts of asymmetric synthesis (concept of diastereomeric induction).Elementary concept of chiral induction through chemical reaction (reaction of bromine to alkane and alkenes)

9.00
Unit V: 
Conformational Isomerism: Concept of Free Rotation

Newman, Fischer, Sawhorse and Flying-wedge formula; conformation of ethane, n-butane and cyclohexane axial and equitorial bonds, conformational analysis of monosubstituted and disubstituted cyclohexane (dimethyl cylcohexane), concepts of conformational locking; chair conformation of α and β glucose and their stability.

 

 

References: 
  1. Stereochemistry: Conformation and Mechanism; Fourth Edition; P.S. Kalsi; New Age International Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1999.
  2. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; Third Edition; S.M. Mukherjee and S.P. Singh; Macmillan, India Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
  3. Organic Chemistry; Sixth Edition; Robert Thornton Morrison & Robert Neilson Boyd; Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.

 

Academic Year: