Mechanistic classification: Ionic, radical and pericyclic; heterolytic bond cleavage and heterogenic bond formation, homolytic bond cleavage and homogenic bond formation; representation of mechanistic steps using arrow formalism. Reactive intermediates: generation and stability (brief idea) of carbocations- Classical and nonclassical, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes.
Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes , Wurtz reaction, Wurtz- Fittig reactions, Free radical substitutions : bond dissociation energies , halogenation - relative reactivity and selectivity.
Chemistry of Cycloalkanes and Conformational Analysis.
Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory, Conformation analysis of alkanes: Relative stability: Energy diagrams of cyclohexane: Chair, Boat and Twist boat forms; Relative stability with energy diagrams.
Formation of alkenes by elimination reactions, mechanism of E1, E2, E1cB reactions(a brief idea). Saytzeff and Hoffmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions and their mechanisms (Markownikoff/Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti hydroxylation (oxidation) . Addition of singlet and triplet carbenes.
Structure and stability of conjugative and cumulative dienes, resonance and molecular orbital structure of allene and 1,3-butadiene; methods of preparation, addition of hydrogen halides to conjugated dienes – 1,4 v/s 1,2 addition (formation, structure and stability of allylic carbocation and free radicals). An elementary concept of orbital symmetry & it’s application to Diels-Alder reaction. Allylic and benzylic bromination.
Formation and reactions of alkynes,structure & stability, acidity, electrophilic and nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, alkylation of terminal alkynes, reduction of alkynes –catalytic hydrogenation, dissolving metal reduction.
1. Organic Chemistry; Fourth Edition; G. Marc Loudon; Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
2. Organic Chemistry; Sixth Edition; Robert Thornton Morrison & Robert Neilson Boyd; Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.
3. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; Third Edition; S.M. Mukherjee and S.P. Singh; Macmillan, India Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.