Nitrogen containing functional groups, Natural products and Drugs

Preparation and important reactions of nitro  compounds, nitriles and isonitriles.

Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and properties: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; Distinction between 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ amines with Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid.

Diazonium Salts: Preparation and their synthetic applications. Colour and constitution (electronic concept), classification of dyes, chemistry and synthesis of methyl orange, congo red, malachite green, crystal violet, phenolphthalein, fluorescein, alizarin and indigo.

Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-membered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of: Furan, Pyrrole, Thiophene, Pyridine, Pyrimidine, Indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.

Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation and synthesis of Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, Cocaine,  and Reserpine.

Terpenes                                                                                                                 

Occurrence , classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of structure and synthesis of Citral and α- terpineol

Classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis), Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis). An elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol. Medicinal values of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine).Mechanism of Drug Action( brief idea).