Nitrogen containing functional groups, Natural products and Drugs

Paper Code: 
CHY-412
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to –

  1. compare the effect of heteroatoms on structure and reactivity of simple and benzofuzed aromatic compounds and to touch up on the exclusive chemistry of nitrogen containing functional groups.

  2. gain perspective on different classes of chemotherapeutic agents.

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment

Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

CHY-412

Nitrogen containing functional groups, Natural products and Drugs

 

 

 

 

 

The students will be able to –

CO103: describe some of the important methods of preparation and properties of aliphatic and aromatic nitro and amino compounds mechanistically.

CO104: classify different dyes on the basis of their applications and uses.

CO105: synthesize the prescribed dyes and correlate their structure and reactivities  

CO106: outline mechanisms for reactions involving heterocycles (five and six membered) as starting materials and propose syntheses of heterocycles from the major classes.

 CO107: classify different types of alkaloids, & terpenoids and discuss their chemistry & medicinal importance

CO108: describe the structure and medicinal importance of prescribed antipyretic, analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarials and sulpha drugs.
  • Interactive Lectures
  • Group discussions
  • Tutorials
  • Quiz
  • Problem solving sessions
  • Multiple choice questions
  • Assertions and reasoning
  • Short answer questions
  • Long answer questions
  • Assignments
  • Quiz

 

 
 
9.00
Unit I: 
Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups

Preparation and important reactions of nitro compounds, nitriles and isonitriles

Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and properties: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Hoffmann bromamide reaction, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines with Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid, amines as phase transfer catalyst.

7.00
Unit II: 
Synthetic Dyes

Diazonium Salts: Preparation and their synthetic applications.Colour and constitution (electronic concept), classification of dyes, chemistry and synthesis of methyl orange, congo red, malachite green, crystal violet, phenolphthalein, fluorescein, alizarin and indigo.

10.00
Unit III: 
Heterocyclic Compounds

Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-membered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of: Furan, Pyrrole, Thiophene, Pyridine, Pyrimidine, Indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.

10.00
Unit IV: 
Alkaloids and Terpenes

Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation and synthesis of Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, Cocaine, and Reserpine.                                                                                      

Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of structure and synthesis of Citral and α- terpineol.

 

9.00
Unit V: 
Pharmaceutical Compounds: Structure and Importance

Classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis), Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Phenacetin, Aspirin, Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis). An elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol.Mechanism of Drug Action( brief idea), Sulpha drugs: Sulphadiazine (sulpha pyrimidine), sulpha guanidine, sulphamethazine, sulpha pyridine.

References: 
  • Organic Chemistry, Vol 2; Sixth Edition; I.L. Finar; Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2002.
  • Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry; Seventh Edition; David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox; W H Freeman, 2017.

 

Academic Year: 
2021-2022
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