RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research: Meaning, Definition, Methodology, Research process, Criterion of good research 
• Types of Research: Fundamental or Basic, Applied, Historical, Descriptive, Analytical quantitative, qualitative, Conceptual   Experimental, Case study
• Research Design: Meaning, Concepts, need, designs for different types of research; library, laboratory and field research; Advantages of Designing Research
• Research Problem and Developing Research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, its scope, steps involved in defining the problem.
• Literature Search: Reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, Computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.
• Defining concepts, objectives, basic assumptions, delimitations and limitations of the problem, Statement of Hypothesis. 

• Variables: Independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, confounding variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.
• Sampling:  Meaning, Characteristics of a good sample design, steps in sampling design, types, advantages
• Techniques of Data Collection:  Primary data; Questionnaire, Schedules, Interview observation & other methods, Secondary data: Reliability, suitability & Adequacy of data.
• Processing and Analysis of Data: Processing Operations: Editing, coding, classification and tabulation of data, Elements of Data Analysis, Role of statistics in Data Analysis. Statistical Tables
• Report writing: Types, Format.

• Probability:  Basic Aspects, probability of combination of events, probability of random variables, distribution of random variable
• Statistical Methods: Measures of Central tendency- Mean, Median, Mode, Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic mean.  
• Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation
• Regression and Correlation: Least square method of fitting a regression line, curvilinear regression, correlation methods, correlation coefficient.
• Test of Significance: t-test, chi-test, ANOVA, f-test
• Hypothesis

• Patent: Patent writing, parts of the patent application, and characteristics of the disclosure for an invention.
• IPR (Intellectual Property Rights): Types, objectives, Libations, Agreements, Laws, and Government Enforcement.

Chemical safety and ethical handling of chemicals, incompatible chemicals, flammable solvents, fire hazards in chemical laboratory, control of fire, fire extinguishers, safe working procedure and protective environment, emergency procedure and first aid, laboratory ventilation, safe storage and use of hazardous chemicals, procedure for working with substances that pose hazards, flammable or explosive hazards, MSDS (material safety data sheet), procedures for working with gases at pressures above or below atmosphere, safe storage and disposal of waste chemicals, recovery, recycling and reuse of laboratory chemicals. procedures for neutralization of strong acids and strong bases.