Research methodology

Meaning, Scope, Primary Sources of Literature Survey, Journals, Patents Etc., Secondary Sources of Literature Survey, Books, Reference Books, Text Books, Listing of Journals.

      Chemical Literature:

1)      The structure of chemical information, important paper based and electronic based sources, how to find chemical information on specific compound and its chemistry.

2)      Abstract and journals in chemistry, electronic forms of journals, major libraries, subscribing journals related to chemistry in the region.

3)      Patents and patent writing, parts of patent application, characteristics of the disclosure for an invention.

4)       IPR ( Intellectual Property Rights), Types, Objectives, Limitations, Agreements, Laws and Government Enforcement

Scientific Document; Organization and writing of research paper, short communications, review articles, monographs, technical and survey reports, authored books, and edited books and dissertation.

Laboratory work for computer Application in chemistry: 

Computer programming based on numerical methods as per the details required for publishing a research paper in the journal of national and international repute.

Application of standard softwares like; Chemdraw, generation of graphs, data sheets creation, tables and other related softwares.

Variables :  Independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, , measurement and methods of controlling variables.

Sampling : Meaning characteristics of a good sample design, types advantages

Processing and Analysis of Data : Processing operations; editing, coding, classification and tabulation of data, element of data analysis, role of statistics in data analysis, statistical tables. 

Report Writing :  Types, format of writing  the report.

Probability : Basic aspects, probability of combination of events, probability and distribution of random variables.

Statistical Methods : Measures of Central Tendency- Mean, Median, Mode, Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Mean.

Common Distribution Functions : Binomial probability distribution, poisson and normal distribution curve. 

Standard Deviation and Standard Error

Test of significance :  t- test, chi-test, ANOVA, F-test

General considerations, filtration techniques, hot filtration, recrystallisation, techniques and common solvents for recrystallisation, use of decolourising carbon.

Principles of distillation, fractional, steam and vacuum distillation.

Solvent extraction, extraction of liquids and solids.

Drying of liquids or solvents

Isolation and purification of organic compounds (solids and liquids) with a special emphasis on chromatographic techniques: Principle of chromatography methods, classification of chromatography, TLC, PTLC, Column and an introduction to Flash Chromatography, HPLC and HPTL.

Handling of hazardous chemicals, incompatible chemicals, flammable solvents, fire hazards in chemical laboratory, control of fire, fire extinguishers, toxicity of chemicals, forms of toxic materials, personal protective equipments, health effects and first aid, MSDS (material safety data sheet), use of compressed gases, waste minimization strategies and chemical waste disposal, procedures for neutralization of strong acids and strong bases.