Solid State and Nanotechnology

Paper Code: 
CHY 424 C
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

To expose the students with the fascinating area of solid state chemistry, super conductors, to appreciate the use of various diffraction methods in structural analysis and to understand the different aspects of nanomaterials.

10.00
Unit I: 
Solid State Reactions and Preparative Methods of Inorganic Solids
Introduction to the solid state, electrical, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of inorganic materials, general principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid state reactions.
 
Preparative methods of inorganic solids: crystallization of solutions, glasses, gels and melts, vapour phase transport methods, electrochemical reduction methods, preparation of thin films, growth of single crystals, high pressure and hydrothermal methods.
12.00
Unit II: 
X-ray Diffraction
Laue method, Bragg method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, Miller indices, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern, structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem; procedure of X-ray structure analysis.
 
Cryo-electron microscopy, Electron diffraction and Neutron Diffraction (brief idea)
 
 
11.00
Unit III: 
Electronic Properties and Band Theory
Semiconductors: influence of doping on band gap, applications, p-n junction, photovoltaic cell and solar conversion.
 
Optical properties: optical reflectance, photoconduction-photoelectric effects, principle of LED, LCD.
 
Superconductivity: Meissner effect, critical temperature and critical magnetic field – type I and II superconductors, ternary oxides: structure of 123 oxides (Y-Ba-Cu-O), BCS theory of superconductivity, Cooper Pair Electron.
 
13.00
Unit IV: 
Introduction to Nanomaterials
Emergence in nanotechnology, types of nanomaterials, zero dimensional, one dimensional, two dimensional, advanced nanomaterials.
 
Fabrication methods: Bottom up approach, solution phase and vapor phase synthesis, physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition, epitaxial growth method, sol-gel process, reduction method, self assembly method, laser ablation method.
 
Top down approach: ball miling, lithography, evaporation, template synthesis, sonication, chemical etching and biological methods- microbial and biomolecules.
 
14.00
Unit V: 
Properties and Applications of Nanomaterials
Properties of nanomaterials: structural properties, electronic properties, magnetic properties, electrical properties, optical properties, mechanical properties. Surface energy controlling the different properties of nanomaterials.
 
Stabilisation of nanoparticles: electrostatic stabilization of nanoparticles, steric stabilization of nanoparticles, quantum confinement effect, nanocatalyst.
 
Carbon nanomaterials: Fullerenes, graphenes, nanotubes.
 
Applications and social impact: Energy-solar photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, defence, nanomedicines.
 
Essential Readings: 
  1. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications; Second Edition, A.R. West; Wiley, Singapore, 2014.
  2. Principles of the Solid State; First Edition; H.V. Keer; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2002.
  3. Solid State Chemistry; Second Edition; D.K. Chakrabarty; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2011.
  4. Introduction to Nanotechnology; First Edition; R. Singh and S. M. Gupta; Oxford University Press, 2016.
  5. An Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanoscience; A. K. Das, M. Das; CBS Publishers and Distributors Private Limited, 2014.
References: 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2018-2019
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