Solid State and Nanotechnology

Paper Code: 
CHY 424 (C)
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives : 

The course aims to expose the students with the fascinating area of solid-state chemistry and super conductors. Students will acquire knowledge to use various diffraction methods in structural analysis and to understand the different aspects of nano materials.

Course Outcomes (Cos):                                                                                                                                  

COURSE

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

CHY 424(C)

Solid State and Nanotechnology

The students will be able to-

 

CO162-illustrate the concept of solid-state reaction and different methods used in preparation of inorganic solids.

CO163-perform structural analysis of crystals with the help of XRD measurements.

CO164-describe properties and applications of semiconductors and explain the concept of Superconductivity

CO165-discuss various fabrications methods of nanomaterials.

CO166-explain various properties and applications of nanomaterials.

 Class lectures

 

Tutorials

 

Group discussions

 

Question preparation

Subjective type

Long answer

Short answer

Objective type

Multiple choice questions

One answer/two answer type questions

Assertion and reasoning

Written test

 

Google Quiz

 

Assignment

 

Semester End Exam

 
 

10.00
Unit I: 
Solid State Reactions and Preparative Methods of Inorganic Solids

Introduction to the solid state reactions, electrical, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of inorganic materials, general principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid state reactions.

Preparative methods of inorganic solids: Crystallization of solutions, glasses, gels and melts, vapour phase transport methods, electrochemical reduction methods, preparation of thin films, growth of single crystals, high pressure and hydrothermal methods. 

12.00
Unit II: 
X-ray Diffraction

Laue method, Bragg method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, Miller indices, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern, structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem; procedure of X-ray structure analysis.

Cryo-electron microscopy, electron diffraction and neutron diffraction (brief idea).

11.00
Unit III: 
Electronic Properties and Band Theory

Semiconductors: Influence of doping on band gap, applications, p-n junction, photovoltaic cell and solar conversion.

Optical properties: Optical reflectance, photoconduction-photoelectric effects, principle of LED, LCD.

Superconductivity: Meissner effect, critical temperature and critical magnetic field – type I and II superconductors, ternary oxides: structure of 123 oxides (Y-Ba-Cu-O), BCS theory of superconductivity, Cooper pair electron.

 

13.00
Unit IV: 
Introduction to Nanomaterials

Emergence in nanotechnology, types of nanomaterials, zero dimensional, one dimensional, two dimensional, advanced nanomaterials.

Fabrication methods: Bottom up and top down approach, solution phase and vapor phase synthesis.

Physical methods- Physical vapour deposition(evaporation, sputtering and plasma processing methods), chemical vapour deposition, epitaxial growth method, ball miling, lithography.

Chemical methods- Sol-gel process, reduction method, self-assembly method, coprecipitation, microemulsion, solvothermal, microwave synthesis, evaporation, template synthesis,sonochemical synthesis,radiation assisted synthesis, chemical etching.

Biological methods-Synthesis using microorganism, biological templates, plants and plant extracts.

14.00
Unit V: 
Properties and Applications of Nanomaterials

Properties of nanomaterials: Structural properties, electronic properties, magnetic properties, electrical properties, optical properties, mechanical properties. Surface energy controlling the different properties of nanomaterials.

Stabilization of nanoparticles: Electrostatic and steric stabilization of nanoparticles, quantum confinement effect, nanocatalyst.

Carbon nanomaterials: Fullerenes, graphenes, nanotubes.

Applications and social impact: Energy-solar photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, defense, nanomedicines.

References: 
  • Solid State Chemistry and its Applications; Second Edition, A.R. West; Wiley, Singapore, 2014.
  • Principles of the Solid State; First Edition; H.V. Keer; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2017.
  • Solid State Chemistry; Second Revised Edition; D.K. Chakrabarty; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2011.
  • Introduction to Nanotechnology; First Edition; R. Singh and S. M. Gupta; Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • An Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanoscience; A. K. Das, M. Das; CBS Publishers and Distributors Private Limited, 2014.

 

Academic Year: 
2020-2021
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