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Solid State and Nanotechnology
Course Objectives :
The course aims to expose the students with the fascinating area of solid-state chemistry and super conductors. Students will acquire knowledge to use various diffraction methods in structural analysis and to understand the different aspects of nano materials.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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COURSE |
Learning outcomes (at course level) |
Learning and teaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
Paper Title |
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CHY 424(C) |
Solid State and Nanotechnology |
The students will be able to-
CO173-illustrate the concept of solid-state reaction and different methods used in preparation of inorganic solids. CO174-perform structural analysis of crystals with the help of XRD measurements. CO175-describe properties and applications of semiconductors and explain the concept of Superconductivity CO176-discuss various fabrications methods of nanomaterials. CO177-explain various properties and applications of nanomaterials. |
Class lectures
Tutorials
Group discussions
Question preparation Subjective type Long answer Short answer Objective type Multiple choice questions One answer/two answer type questions Assertion and reasoning |
Written test
Google Quiz
Assignment
Semester End Exam
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Introduction to the solid state reactions, electrical, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of inorganic materials, general principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid state reactions.
Preparative methods of inorganic solids: Crystallization of solutions, glasses, gels and melts, vapour phase transport methods, electrochemical reduction methods, preparation of thin films, growth of single crystals, high pressure and hydrothermal methods.
Laue method, Bragg method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, Miller indices, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern, structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem; procedure of X-ray structure analysis.
Cryo-electron microscopy, electron diffraction and neutron diffraction (brief idea).
Semiconductors: Influence of doping on band gap, applications, p-n junction, photovoltaic cell and solar conversion.
Optical properties: Optical reflectance, photoconduction-photoelectric effects, principle of LED, LCD.
Superconductivity: Meissner effect, critical temperature and critical magnetic field – type I and II superconductors, ternary oxides: structure of 123 oxides (Y-Ba-Cu-O), BCS theory of superconductivity, Cooper pair electron.
Emergence in nanotechnology, types of nanomaterials, zero dimensional, one dimensional, two dimensional, advanced nanomaterials.
Fabrication methods: Bottom up and top down approach, solution phase and vapor phase synthesis,
Physical methods- Physical vapour deposition (evaporation, sputtering and plasma processing methods), chemical vapour deposition, epitaxial growth method, ball miling, lithography.
Chemical methods- Sol-gel process, reduction method, self-assembly method, coprecipitation, microemulsion, solvothermal, microwave synthesis, evaporation, template synthesis, sonochemical synthesis, radiation assisted synthesis, chemical etching.
Biological methods-Synthesis using microorganism, biological templates, plants and plant extracts.
Properties of nanomaterials: Structural properties, electronic properties, magnetic properties, electrical properties, optical properties, mechanical properties. Surface energy controlling the different properties of nanomaterials.
Stabilization of nanoparticles: Electrostatic and steric stabilization of nanoparticles, quantum confinement effect, nanocatalyst.
Carbon nanomaterials: Fullerenes, graphenes, nanotubes.
Applications and social impact: Energy-solar photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, defense, nanomedicines.
- Solid State Chemistry and its Applications; Second Edition, A.R. West; Wiley, Singapore, 2014.
- Principles of the Solid State; First Edition; H.V. Keer; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2017.
- Solid State Chemistry; Second Revised Edition; D.K. Chakrabarty; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2011.
- Introduction to Nanotechnology; First Edition; R. Singh and S. M. Gupta; Oxford University Press, 2016.
- An Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanoscience; A. K. Das, M. Das; CBS Publishers and Distributors Private Limited, 2014.
