Solutions and Reaction Kinetics

Paper Code: 
CHY- 403
Credits: 
2
Contact Hours: 
30.00
Objective: 

To learn about the fundamental laws of solutions, surface phenomena and know how reaction rate changes in terms of concentration and temperature.

7.00
Unit I: 
Solutions and Non-Ideal Solutions
Solutions: ideal and non-ideal solutions, methods of expressing concentrations of solutions, activity and activity coefficient.
 
Solution of gases in liquid: Henry’s law, deviation from Henry’s law.
 
Solutions of solid in liquid- Nernst distribution law, Non ideal system: azeotropes –ethanol-water systems.
 
Partially miscible liquids: phenol-water, trimethylamine-water, nicotine-water systems;lower and upper consolute temperature, effect of impurity on consolute temperature; immiscible liquids.
 
 
Self Study: Applications and limitations of Henry’s law.
 
7.00
Unit II: 
Dilute Solutions– Colligative Properties
Introduction, colligative properties, Raoult’s law, relative lowering of vapour pressure; osmosis, law of osmotic pressure and its measurement by Barkeley –Hartley’s method  ; elevation of boiling point and its measurement by Landsberger’s method ; depression of freezing point and its measurement by Rast method ; use of colligative properties in molecular weight determination; non-ideal behaviour and Van’t Hoff’s factor ‘i’.
 
Self Study: Reverse osmosis
 
7.00
Unit III: 
Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing rate of a reaction; mathematical characteristics of simple chemical reactions- zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order, half life and mean life; determination of the order of reaction– differential, integration, half life period ; radioactive decay as a first order phenomenon; introduction to catalytic reaction.

 

Self Study: Order, molecularity, rate law and rate constant.

5.00
Unit IV: 
Experimental Methods and Theories of Chemical Kinetics
Experimental methods of chemical kinetics – conductometric, polarimetry and spectrophotometer.
 
Arrhenius equation and activation energy.
 
Theories of chemical kinetics – collision theory and transition state theory (elementary idea).
4.00
Unit V: 
Surface Chemistry

Sorption at surfaces, physical and chemical adsorption; Freundlich, Langmuir and Gibbs adsorption isotherms; factors effecting adsorption, applications of adsorption.

References: 
  1. A Text Book of Physical Chemistry; A.S. Negi, S.C. Anand; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2002.
  2. The Elements of Physical Chemistry; P.W. Atkins; Oxford University Press, 1996.
  3. Physical Chemistry; Seventh Edition; R.A. Alberty; Wiley Eastern Ltd., Singapore, 1987
  4. Physical Chemistry Through Problems; S.K. Dogra and S.Dogra; Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi, 2001.
Academic Year: 
2015-2016
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