Some Concepts of Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons

Pre requisite: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, introduction to hydrocarbons, branched and unbranched alkanes, physical properties, different methods of formation of alkane, conformation of alkanes and cycloalkanes, CFC’S and green house effect.

Chemical Reactions: Types of fisssion, reactive intermediates, structure and stability of the reaction intermediates(carbocation, carbanion and free radical) energy profile diagram,  hyperconjugation, applications of different electronic effects (inductive effect, electromeric effect, and mesomeric effect).

Alkanes: reactivity of alkanes- bond dissociation energies, halogenation with special reference to generation of free radicals, reactivity and selectivity.

Pre requisite: Hybridization of carbon, cis-trans isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, physical properties.

Structure and bonding in alkenes, heat of hydrogenation; methods of formation – dehydration of alcohols (formation of carbocation, structure and stability), dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide, relative stability of alkene isomers by Saytzeff’s rule and Hoffmann’s rule; regioselectivity;

Mechanism involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radial addition, Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction, oxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO₄ and OsO₄.

Structure and stability of conjugative and cumulative dienes, resonance and molecular orbital structure of allene and 1,3-butadiene; methods of preparation, Diels’ Alder reaction; addition of hydrogen halides to conjugated dienes – 1,4 v/s 1,2 addition (formation, structure and stability of  allylic carbocation and free radicals).

Pre requisite: Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, hydroboration-oxidation reaction.

Structure and stability; methods of preparation, acidity of alkynes, chemical reactions, mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions; reduction of alkynes – catalytic hydrogenation, dissolving metal reduction.

Self Study : Industrial applications of alkynes.