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Spectroscopy
Course Objectives :
The course aims to endow the students with the concepts of various spectroscopic techniques for the structural elucidation of inorganic molecules and complexes.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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COURSE |
Learning outcomes (at course level) |
Learning and teaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
Paper Title |
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CHY 221 |
Spectroscopy |
The students will be able to-
CO43-determine the structures of simple inorganic molecules using the concepts of IR and Raman spectroscopy CO44-apply the knowledge of group theory in differentiating between geometrical as well as linkage isomers CO45-use the fundamentals of NQR spectroscopy in interpreting the structures of crystalline molecules CO46-interpret the photoelectron spectra of various atoms and molecules CO47-calculate number of microstates and determine different spectroscopic states CO48-draw Orgel, Tanabe-Sugano and Correlation diagrams of complexes CO49-discuss ESR and its applications in transition metal complexes including biological systems CO50-apply the knowledge of Mossbauer spectroscopy in structural determination of iron and tin compounds |
Interactive lectures
Group discussions
Tutorials
Quiz
Problem solving sessions
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Group discussion
Google quiz
Written test
Tutorials
Assignment
Semester end examination |
Some important aspects of IR and Raman spectra: Classification of normal modes of molecular vibrations and IR and Raman active modes in some simple molecules. Characteristic group vibrations.
Electronic and coupling effect on group vibration frequency. Application of IR and Raman spectra: Determination of structure of some simple molecules(CO2,SO2,N2O), determination of structure of H2O and NH3 through the normal modes of analysis, effect of coordination of ligands on vibrational spectra, determination of geometrical isomers of coordination compounds, identification of linkage isomers.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction, basic principles of NQR spectroscopy, NQR transition energies for the axially and non-axially symmetric systems, effect of a magnetic field (Zeeman effect) on NQR transitions, conditions to observe the NQR signals (in brief). Applications: Interpretation of eQq data, effect of crystal lattice on the magnitude of eQq, structural information from NQR spectra.
Coupling scheme (orbit-orbit, spin-spin and spin orbit coupling, determination of ground state, spectroscopic ground states, selection rules for electronic transitions, splitting of dn terms in octahedral and tetrahedral field. Correlation diagrams, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams (d1-d9 states), spin cross-over; Field strength, nephelauxetic series, calculations of Racah parameters (B and C). Applications of Tanabe-Sugano diagrams in determining Do from spectra. Charge transfer spectra and its application in inorganic & coordination compounds.
Basic principle, ionization process, Koopman’s theorem, photoelectron spectra of atoms (Ar, Kr, Xe) and simple molecules (H2, N2, CO, NO, HBr, C6H6), ESCA and its applications, Auger electron spectroscopy (basic idea).
Some basic elements of ESR spectroscopy, relaxation processes: Spin-lattice relaxation, spin-spin relaxation and exchange interaction. Zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy, ‘g’ value and factors affecting ESR lines, Hyperfine interaction: Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine interaction, spin Hamiltonian, spin densities and McConnell relationship, measurement techniques, application to transition metal complexes (having one unpaired electron) including biological systems.
Principles of Mossbauer(MB) spectroscopy, isomeric shift in MB spectroscopy, Quadrupole interaction and splitting of the MB spectral lines, effect of a magnetic field on the MB spectrum, magnetic hyperfine interaction, application of technique to the studies of bonding and structure determination of Fe+2, Fe+3, Sn+2 and Sn+4 compounds.
- Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry; Volume 4 and 7; First Edition; A. K. Das and M. Das; CBS Consumer Publishing, New Delhi, 2014.
- Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Fourth Edition.; C.N. Banwell & Mc Cash.; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2017.
- Modern Spectroscopy; Fourth Edition; J.M. Hollas; John Wiley and SonsLtd, England,2004
- Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, R.S. Drago; East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.
- Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy; Second Edition; A.B.P. Lever; Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc., New York, 1986.
- Analytical Chemistry – Theory and Practice; First Edition; U. N Dash; Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2010.
