STATES OF MATTER AND CHEMICAL KINETICS

Paper Code: 
CHY 102
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to –

  • learn about mathematical concepts which will be helpful in chemical derivations.
  • understand the properties and laws related to states of matter and intermolecular interactions.
  • provide in-depth knowledge of experimental methods and theories of chemical kinetics.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcomes

Teaching Learning Strategies

Assessment Strategies

  
 

On completion of this course, the students will be able to –

CO7: apply basic mathematical concepts to solve problems in physical chemistry.

CO8: explain the kinetic theory of gases and Maxwell distribution of molecular velocities to describe the behaviour of gases.

CO9: discuss the structure and applications of liquid crystals.

CO10: describe Bragg’s equation and apply it to study the X-ray diffraction pattern.

CO11: appraise the rules of kinetics to evaluate the order of reaction and rate constant.

CO12: compare and conclude theories of chemical kinetics and evaluate the kinetics of a reaction using experimental methods.

CO13: interpret adsorption isotherms and their applications.

 
  • Interactive lectures
  • Discussion
  • Tutorials
  • Assignments
  • Demonstration through models
  • PowerPoint presentations
  • Revision in form of interactive quiz (crosswords, puzzles, match the pairs)
  • Problem-solving exercises

 
  • Oral and written      examinations
  • Open-book tests
  • Assignments
  • Quiz

 

  
 

 

9.00
Unit I: 
Mathematical Concepts

Logarithmic relations, differentiation of simple functions like, xn, ex, log x, sin x, cos x, rules of differentiation, maxima and minima, linear graphs and calculation of slopes, partial differentiation, integration of some useful/relevant functions.

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Gaseous State

Postulates of kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behaviour, van der Waals equation of state, qualitative discussion of the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, molecular velocities- root mean square, average and most probable velocities, collision number, collision frequency, mean free path and collision diameter, liquefaction of gases (based on Joule-Thomson effect).
Critical Phenomena- PV isotherms of real gases, continuity of states, isotherms of van der Waals equation, relationship between critical constants and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states.

 

 

9.00
Unit III: 
Liquid and Solid State

Qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state, intermolecular forces, physical properties, vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity and their dependence on temperature, cleansing action of detergents, Trouton’s rule.
Liquid crystals- classification, structure of nematic, smectic and cholesteric phases, applications of liquid crystals.
An introduction to space lattice and unit cell, laws of crystallography- law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rationality of indices, Miller indices, law of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple account of rotating crystal method and powder method, determination of crystal structure of NaCl, KCl and CsCl.

9.00
Unit IV: 
Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis

Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated rate laws for zero, first, second and nth order reactions, pseudo-unimolecular reactions, determination of the order of reaction.
Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory of reaction rates, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates.
Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanism of catalyzed reaction at solid surfaces, enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism.

 

9.00
Unit V: 
Colloidal State and Surface Chemistry

Colloidal state- definition and classification.
Solids in liquids (sols)- types and kinetic, optical and electrical properties, stability of colloids, protective action, Hardy-Schulze law, gold number.
Liquid in liquids (Emulsions)- types, preparation and emulsifier.Liquids in solids (Gels)- classification, preparation and properties, inhibition.
Applications of colloids.
Adsorption at surfaces, physical and chemical adsorption, Freundlich, Langmuir and Gibbs adsorption isotherms, factors affecting adsorption, applications of adsorption.

 

Essential Readings: 
  • A Text Book of Physical Chemistry, Second Edition; A.S. Negi, S.C. Anand; New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2007.
  • Principles of Physical Chemistry, Forty Eighth Edtion; B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M. S. Pathania; Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar, India, 2020.
  • Text Book of Physical Chemistry, Third Edition, S. Glasstone, Mac Million India 1998.

References: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, Eighth Edition; P.W. Atkins, J. Paula; Oxford University Press, International Student Edition, 2017.
  • A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, States of Matter and Ions in Solution, Volume I, Sixth Edition; K. L. Kapoor; McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2019.
  • Physical Chemistry, Fourth Edition; R. J. Silbey, R.A. Alberty; M. G. Bawendi; Wiley Eastern Ltd., Singapore, 2004.
  • Physical Chemistry Through Problems, Second Edition; S.K. Dogra and S. Dogra; New Age International Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2015.

e-RESOURCES:

 

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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