THERMODYNAMICS

Paper Code: 
CHY 302
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives:    

This course will enable the students to -

  • be acquaint with the laws of thermodynamics and their applications.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcomes

 

Teaching Learning Strategies

Assessment Strategies

  
 

On completion of this course, the students will be able to –

CO38: describe the basic concepts of laws of thermodynamics and apply them to calculate thermodynamic properties.

CO39: calculate reaction enthalpy for different chemical processes.

CO40: explain the concepts of entropy, enthalpy, reversibility and irreversibility.

CO41: describe the concept of Gibbs function, Helmholtz function and discuss their variation with pressure, volume and temperature.

CO 42: discuss the concept of thermodynamics for open system.

CO43: deduce the thermodynamic relations of the equilibrium constant with other thermodynamic properties.

CO44: explain heterogeneous equilibrium having one component and two-component systems.
  • Interactive lectures
  • Discussion
  • Tutorials
  • Problem-solving exercise
  • Presentations by individual student/ group of three students
  • Class tests at periodic intervals.
  • Assignment(s)
  • Quiz

 

  
 

 

9.00
Unit I: 
Thermodynamics - First law

First law of thermodynamics- statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy, concept of heat and work, calculation of q, W, U and H for reversible and irreversible processes and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions, heat capacity, heat capacities at constant volume and pressure and their relationship, Joule- Thomson effect, Joule-Thomson coefficient for an ideal gas & real gas, inversion temperature.
Self Study: An overview of thermodynamic terms, intensive and extensive properties, state and path functions and their differentials, thermodynamic processes.

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Thermochemistry

Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation, enthalpy of combustion, enthalpy of neutralization, heat of reactions at constant pressure and at constant volume, Hess’s law of constant heat summation and its applications, bond energy, bond dissociation energy and its calculation from thermo-chemical data, Kirchhoff’s equation.

9.00
Unit III: 
Thermodynamics - Second law & Third law

Second law of thermodynamics- need for the law, different statements of the law, Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot theorem, thermodynamic scale of temperature.
Concept of entropy- entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V & T, entropy as a function of P & T, entropy change in physical processes.
Third law of thermodynamics- Nernst heat theorem, statement and concept of residual entropy, evaluation of absolute entropy from heat capacity data.

 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Thermodynamics - Free Energy Functions & Chemical Equilibrium

Gibbs and Helmholtz functions, Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz function (A) as thermodynamic quantities, A and G as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity, their advantages over entropy change, variation of G and A with pressure, volume and temperature.
Equilibrium constant and free energy, thermodynamic derivation of law of mass action. Le Chatelier’s principle, reaction isotherm and reaction isochore, Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications.

 

9.00
Unit V: 
Heterogeneous equilibria – Phase rule

Introduction to phase, components and degree of freedom, derivation of Gibbs phase rule, phase equilibria of one component system-water, CO2 and sulphur system.
Phase equilibria of two-component system- simple eutectic – Bi-Cd and Pb-Ag systems, desilverisation of lead.
Solid solutions- compound formation with congruent melting point (Mg-Zn), (FeCl3 – H2O) and incongruent melting point (NaCl-H2O) and (CuSO4 – H2O) system, freezing mixtures (acetone – dry ice).

 

Essential Readings: 
  • A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Third edition; A.S. Negi, S.C. Anand; New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2022.
  • Principles of Physical Chemistry, Forty Eighth Edition; B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, M. S. Pathania; Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar, 2020.
  • An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics, Sixth Revised Edition; R.P. Rastogi and R.R. Misra; Vikas Publishing House, 2015.

 

References: 

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, Eighth Edition; P.W. Atkins, J. Paula; Oxford University Press, International Student Edition, 2017.
  • Thermodynamics for Chemist; S. Glasstone; East West Press, Private Limited, 2015.
  • A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Thermodynamics and Chemical Equilibrium, Vol. II, Sixth Edition; K. L. Kapoor; McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, 2019.
  • Physical Chemistry, Fifth Special Indian Edition; G.M. Barrow; McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2007.
  • Physical Chemistry Through Problems, Second Edition; S.K. Dogra and S. Dogra; New Age International Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2015.

 

e-RESOURCES:

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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