Crystal Field Theory: Postulates, splitting of d orbitals in octahedral,tetrahedral, tetragonal and square planar fields, spectrochemical series,factors affecting the magnitude of  Δ_0, crystal field stabilization energy in weak and strong fields; pairing energy, number of unpaired electrons and high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) complexes,distribution of d-electrons in t_2g and e_g orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes, distortion of octahedral complexes- Jahn Teller theorem; use of CFSE values, applications and limitations of CFT.

Types of magnetism, types of magnetic behaviour, orbital and spin magnetic moments, methods of determining magnetic susceptibility by Gouy’s balance, spin only moments of dⁿ ions and their correlation with effective magnetic moments, including orbital contribution; quenching of magnetic moment: super exchange and antiferromagnetic interactions (elementary idea with examples only); applicationsof magnetic moment data for transition complexes.

Types of electronic transitions; coupling of orbital angular momenta and spin angular momenta (in p² and d² configuration), spin orbit coupling/LS coupling, determining the ground state terms – Hund’s rule, hole formulation, calculation of the number of micro states; selection rules- Laporte ‘orbital’ selection rule, spin selection rule, spectroscopic ground states; Orgel energy level diagram for d¹ and d⁹ states, (one electron – one hole ),discussion of electronic spectrum of [Ti(H₂O)₆]⁺³ complex, charge transfer spectra (elementary idea).

Data Analysis: errors in chemical analysis, classification of errors (determinate indeterminate, systematic and random errors in chemical analysis with examples, absolute and relative errors),  accuracy and precision, minimisation of errors; distribution of random errors, normal error curve, significant figures; statistical analysis – mean and standard deviation; relative standard deviation coefficient of variance, sampling in analysis, rejection of results, presentation of data.                                                                                                         

Requirements of gravimetry: properties of precipitates and precipitating regents, particle size and filterability of precipitates, colloidal and crystalline precipitates, co-precipitation and post-precipitation,washing, drying and ignition of precipitates, precipitation in homogenous media, principles of gravimetric estimation of chloride, zinc, iron and aluminum singly.

Uses of Reagents in gravimetric analysis: Dimethyl Glyoxime, 8-Hydroxy quinoline, Anthranilic acid, Cupferron.