Mechanistic aspects of Hydrocarbons

Mechanistic classification: Ionic, radical and pericyclic; heterolytic bond cleavage and heterogenic bond formation, homolytic bond cleavage and homogenic bond formation; representation of mechanistic steps using arrow formalism. Reactive intermediates: generation and stability (brief idea) ofcarbocations- Classical and nonclassical, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes.

Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes,Chemical reactions with special reference to Free radical substitutions: bond dissociation energies, halogenation - relative reactivity and selectivity.

Chemistry  of Cycloalkanes : Types, methods of synthesis, chemical reactions

Baeyer strain theory, Theory of strainless ring.

Hybridization of carbon, cis-trans isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, physical properties. Structure and bonding in alkenes, methods of synthesis and chemical reactions, Mechanism of E₁, E₂, E₁cB reactions(a brief idea). Saytzeff and Hoffmann eliminations. Electrophilic additions and their mechanisms (Markownikoff/Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti hydroxylation (oxidation). Addition of singlet and triplet carbenes, Regioselectivity.

Structure and stability of conjugative and cumulative dienes, resonance and molecular orbital structure of allene and 1,3-butadiene; methods of preparation, addition of hydrogen halides to conjugated dienes – 1,4 v/s 1,2 addition (formation, structure and stability of allylic carbocation and free radicals).An elementary concept of orbital symmetry & it’s application to  Diels-Alder reaction. Allylic and benzylic bromination.

Nomenclature, Formation and reactions of alkynes,structure & stability, acidity, electrophilic and  nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, alkylation of terminal alkynes, reduction of alkynes –catalytic hydrogenation, dissolving metal reduction.