Laboratory Course IX

Organic Chemistry

Basic techniques involved in synthetic organic chemistry

1. Different types of glass wares
2. Filtration
3. Distillation (distillation at atmospheric pressure, steam distillation, fractional distillation and distillation at reduced pressure).
4. Recrystallization and melting point correction.
5. Use of decolourising carbon.
6. Thin layer chromatography.

Synthesis (Green /Conventional))

1. One step synthesis

1. Aldol condensation :  Synthesis of dibenzal propanone  
2. Acetylation  :  Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline
3. Pechmann Condensation for Coumarin synthesis  : Clay catalysed solid state synthesis of 7-hydroxy -4-methyl coumarin
4. Diazotisation : Preparation of Methyl orange/Methyl red
5. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution : Bromination of Phenol
6. Rearrangement : Preparation of Phenytoin from Benzil and Urea

b. Two step synthesis

i. Benzoin → benzil → benzilic acid (calculation of atom economy required).

ii. Benzophenone → benzopinacol → benzapinacolone

iii. Acetanilide → p-bromoacetanilide → p-bromoaniline

iv. Acetanilide→ p-nitro acetanilide→ p-nitro aniline

v. Pthalic anhydride → Pthalimide → Anthranilic Acid