Analytical Methods

Paper Code: 
CHY - 324
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Objective: To know the details and application of various instrumental techniques  
 
8.00
Unit I: 
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
Errors in chemical analysis, classification of errors, accuracy and precision, minimization of errors, significant figures of addition, substraction, log and antilog, statistical analysis- mean and standard deviation; relative standard deviation; coefficient of variance, sampling in analysis, rejection of results, presentation of data.
 
9.00
Unit II: 
Separation Techniques: Chromatography - I
Pre requisite: Purification of solids and liquids – simple crystallization, sublimation; distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduce pressure.Basic principles, classification
Column chromatography:  elution chromatogram, methods of improving column performance, migration rates of solutes- distribution constant, retention time, column efficiency, variables that affect column efficiency, column resolution, applications (separation of methylene blue and fluorescein).
Thin layer chromatography:  principle, technique and applications (separation of vitamins).
Paper Chromatography:  principle, Rf value, technique and applications (separation of amino acid mixtures).
 
8.00
Unit III: 
Separation Techniques: Chromatography -II
Principle, instrumentation, and applications of gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.
 
11.00
Unit IV: 
Optical Methods of Analysis
Pre requisite: Lambert and Beer law, verification, derivation, signification of λmax and molar absorptivity, theory of fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Spectrophotocolorimetry: single beam and double beam spectrophotometers, functions of the components, applications.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy: principle, instrumentation, spectral interferences and chemical interferences in atomic absorption spectroscopy, applications in quantitative analysis (analysis of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+).
Flame photometry: principle, instrumentation, interferences in flame photometry, applications in quantitative analysis. Comparison of atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy
 
9.00
Unit V: 
Instrumental Techniques
Principle, instrumentation and basic principles of – conductometric, potentiometry, pH metry, electrochemistry, colorimetry and polarography
 
References: 
  1. Analytical Chemistry – Theory and Practice, First Edition; U.N. Dash; S. Chand and Co, New Delhi, 1995.
  2. Fundamentals Of Analytical Chemistry, Seventh Edition; D.A. Skoog, D.M. West and F.J. Holler; Saunders College Publishing Philadelphia, 1991.
  3. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Seventh Edition; H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, J.A. Dean, F.A. Settle; CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1986.
  4. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry Second Edition; S.M. Khopkar; New Age International Publisher, New Delhi, 2000.
  5. Chemical Analysis and Instrumental approach, Third revised Edition; A.K. Srivastava and P.C. Jain; S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 1997.
  6. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis; Fifth Edition; G.H. Jeffery, J. Bassett. J. Mendham, R.C. Denney; Longman Scientific and Technical Publication, England, 1991. 
  7. Quantitative Analysis, Sixth Edition; R.A. Day, A.L. Underwood; Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
  8. Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry; F. Settle; Prentice-Hall, Inc. United States of America, 1997.
 
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