To know the details and application of various instrumental techniques.
Errors in chemical analysis, classification of errors, accuracy and precision, minimization of errors, significant figures of addition, substraction, log and antilog, statistical analysis- mean and standard deviation; relative standard deviation; coefficient of variance, sampling in analysis, rejection of results, presentation of data.
Pre requisite: Purification of solids and liquids – simple crystallization, sublimation; distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduce pressure.Basic principles, classification.
Column chromatography: elution chromatogram, methods of improving column performance, migration rates of solutes- distribution constant, retention time, column efficiency, variables that affect column efficiency, column resolution, applications (separation of methylene blue and fluorescein).
Thin layer chromatography: principle, technique and applications (separation of vitamins).
Paper Chromatography: principle, Rf value, technique and applications (separation of amino acid mixtures).
Principle, instrumentation, and applications of gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.
Pre requisite: Lambert and Beer law, verification, derivation, signification of λmax and molar absorptivity, theory of fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Spectrophotocolorimetry: single beam and double beam spectrophotometers, functions of the components, applications.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy: principle, instrumentation, spectral interferences and chemical interferences in atomic absorption spectroscopy, applications in quantitative analysis (analysis of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+).
Flame photometry: principle, instrumentation, interferences in flame photometry, applications in quantitative analysis. Comparison of atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy.
Principle, instrumentation and basic principles of – conductometric, potentiometry, pH metry, electrochemistry, colorimetry and polarography.