Environmental Chemistry

Concept of Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Components (Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere); Composition of Air, water, soil; Atmosphere and its interaction with Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere. Vertical temperature and vertical structure of the atmosphere. Environmental pollution-An Introduction, Pollutants, Types & Classification of Pollutants. An introduction to Biogeochemical Cycles in Environment-detailed study of Nitrogen cycle; Biological Control of Chemical factors in the Environment; Production and Decomposition in nature; Bio distribution of elements.

Introduction; Chemical and Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere; Effects and control of air pollutants-Gaseous, Particulates; air pollution meteorology. Climate change in the future: Predictions, Consequences and controls Renewable Energy; Alternative clean fuels- Solar, Hydrogen, Nuclear etc.

Green House Effect : Green house gases; Major sources of green house gases; Green house effect and climate change.

Acid Rain: Introduction; acid rain precursor, their aqueous and gas phase atmospheric oxidation reactions; damaging effects on aquatic life, plants, buildings and health; acid rain control strategies.

Ozone depletion : Ozone layer and its chemistry; high absorption by molecules; biological consequences of ozone depletion; creation; non-catalytic and catalytic process of ozone destruction; Aerosols; Smog formation.

Introduction; threshold limiting value (TLV); Toxicity and control of Toxicants-- Non Metallic Compounds, Asbestos, Organic Compounds, Endocrine Disrupters, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s), Dioxins, Pesticides, Phthalates, Heavy Metals- As, Hg, Cd, Pb.

Nuclear Pollution: Disposal of nuclear waste, nuclear disaster and its Management.

History, Need and Goals. Green Chemistry and Sustainability and background of Green Chemistry.

Twelve Basic principles of Green Chemistry, Designing a Green Synthesis.